Abstract
A summary is given of recent results and unsolved problems regarding the carbon cycle. There is a lack of knowledge concerning the amounts of CO2 released by deforestation and land use, the response of terrestrial vegetation to increasing CO2, gas exchange air-sea and the water exchange between surface and deep ocean. Analyses of polar ice cores have demonstrated that atmospheric CO2 was lower during glacial than during interglacial times. These natural variations must be due to a change in operation of the oceans, but the precise mechanism is not yet known. Specific recommendations for experimental and modelling research regarding the global carbon cycle are given.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bacastow, R.B., CD. Keeling, and T.P. Whorf. ‘Seasonal amplitude increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration of Mauna Loa, Hawaii, 1959–1982’. J. Geophys. Res., 90, 10, 529–10, 540, 1985.
Barnola, J.M., D. Raynaud, Y.S. Korotkevich, and C. Lorius. ‘Vostok ice core provides 160,000-year record of atmospheric CO2’. Nature, 329, 408–414, 1987.
Bolin, B. ‘How much CO2 will remain in the atmosphere?’ In: The Greenhouse Effect, Climatic Change, and Ecosystems, SCOPE 29 (eds. B. Bolin et al.), pp. 93–156, J. Wiley & Sons, 1986.
Boyle, E.A. ‘Cadmium: chemical tracer of deepwater paleoceanography’. Paleoceanography, 3, 471–490, 1988.
Broecker, W.S. ‘Ocean chemistry during glacial times’. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 46, 1689–1705, 1982.
Broecker, W.S. and T.-H. Peng. Tracers in the Sea. Eldigio Press, Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, Palisades, N.Y., 1982.
Knox, F. and M. McElroy. ‘Changes in atmospheric CO2: Influence of marine biota in high latitudes’. J. Geophys. Res., 89, 4629–4637, 1984.
Libner, P., B. Jahne, and E. Plate. ‘Eine neue Methode zur lokalen und momentanen Bestimmung der Wiederbelüftungsraten von Gewässern (A new method measuring water reaeration locally and fast)’. Wasserwirtschaft, 77, no. 5, 1–6, 1987.
Maier-Reimer, E., and K. Hasselmann. ‘Transport and storage of CO2 in the ocean’. Climate Dynamics, 2, 63–90, 1987.
Oeschger, H., U. Siegenthaler, U. Schotterer, and A. Gugelmann. ‘A box-diffusion model to study the carbon dioxide exchange in nature’. Tellus, 27, 168–192, 1975.
Roether, W., and B. Kromer. ‘Optimum application of the radon deficit method to obtain air-sea gas exchange rates’. In: Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces (eds. W. Brutsaert and G.H. Jirka), pp. 447–457, D. Reidel, 1984.
Sarmiento, J.L., J.R. Toggweiler, and R. Najjar. ‘Ocean carbon cycle dynamics and atmospheric pCO2’. Phil. Trans. R. Soc., A, in press, 1988.
Siegenthaler, U. ‘Uptake of excess CO2 by an outcrop-diffusion model of the ocean’. J. Geophys. Res., 88, 3599–3608, 1983.
Siegenthaler, U. ‘Carbon dioxide: its natural cycle and anthropogenic perturbation’. In: The Role of Air-Sea Exchange in Geochemical Cycling (ed. P. Buat-Ménard), pp. 209–247, D. Reidel, 1986.
Siegenthaler, U., and T. Wenk. ‘Rapid atmospheric CO2 variations and ocean circulation’. Nature, 308, 624–625, 1984.
Stauffer, B., H. Hofer, H. Oeschger, J. Schwander, and U. Siegenthaler. ‘Atmospheric CO2 concentration during the last glaciation’. Annals of Glaciology, 5, 160–164, 1984.
Strain, B.R., and J.D. Cure (eds.). ‘Direct effects of increasing carbon dioxide on vegetation’. U.S. Dept. of Energy, DOE/ER-0238, Washington D.C., 1985.
Trabalka, J.R. (ed.). ‘Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and the Global Carbon Cycle’. U.S. Dept. of Energy, DOE/ER-0239, Washington D.C., 1985.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1989 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Siegenthaler, U. (1989). Anthropogenic and Natural Perturbations of the Carbon Cycle. In: Berger, A., Schneider, S., Duplessy, J.C. (eds) Climate and Geo-Sciences. NATO ASI Series, vol 285. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2446-8_27
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2446-8_27
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-0-7923-0412-8
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-2446-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive