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Biotic Diversity and Germplasm Preservation, Global Imperatives pp 275–291Cite as

Gene transfer in plants

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Part of the book series: Beltsville Symposia in Agricultural Research ((BSAR,volume 13))

Abstract

With the specter of dwindling biotic diversity, need is increased for preservation of available germplasm. Plant germplasm may be preserved in a variety of ways including seed storage, cryopreservation, and tissue culture. A new method of germplasm preservation may be through the storage of DNA libraries, which maintain in test tubes the genes that encode life’s diversity. This new area of plant research germinated more than a decade ago and is beginning to bear fruit today. To be a viable alternative to traditional methods, however, ways must be devised to return cryopreserved genes to living cells, where they can be expressed and utilized to man’s benefit. DNA libraries also can be used to increase genetic diversity greatly through methods involving molecular biology and gene transfer.

Numerous strategies have been developed to transfer genes into plants. Some of these techniques can be used to combine (entire) whole genomes by fusing two plant protoplasts. These somatic hybridization procedures have been refined to allow the combination of nuclear and organelle genomes from different plant species. Transfer procedures also have been developed for moving genes from chloroplasts, mitochondria, or nuclei into alien cytoplasms. Still other techniques can shuttle single genes from one plant species to another. These gene transfer techniques are being developed at a rapid pace to complement equally rapid developments in gene isolation, cloning, and recombination techniques.

A multitude of barriers inhibiting the transfer of genes to plants plagued the agricultural scientists of the 1970’s, and many problems face these scientists today. But significant progress is being made, and further refinements in current plant gene transfer techniques will provide a strong base for future crop improvement using biotechnology.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Plant Sciences Institute, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland, 20705, USA

    Benjamin F. Matthews

  2. Germplasm Quality and Enhancement Laboratory, Plant Sciences Institute, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland, 20705, USA

    James A. Saunders

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  1. Benjamin F. Matthews
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Building 003, 20705, Beltsvikke, MD, USA

    Lloyd V. Knutson (Research Entomologist) (Research Entomologist)

  2. Germplasm Services Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Room 127, Building 001, BARC-W, 20705, Beltsville, MD, USA

    Allan K. Stoner (Research Leader) (Research Leader)

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© 1989 Kluwer Academic Publishers

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Matthews, B.F., Saunders, J.A. (1989). Gene transfer in plants. In: Knutson, L.V., Stoner, A.K. (eds) Biotic Diversity and Germplasm Preservation, Global Imperatives. Beltsville Symposia in Agricultural Research, vol 13. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2333-1_13

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2333-1_13

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-7549-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-2333-1

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