Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Recent developments in chloroplast protein transport

  • Chapter
Molecular Biology of Photosynthesis

  • 188 Accesses

Abstract

Most proteins located in chloroplasts are encoded by nuclear genes, synthesized in the cytoplasm, and transported into the organelle. The study of protein uptake by chloroplasts has greatly expanded over the past few years. The increased activity in this field is due, in part, to the application of recombinant DNA methodology to the analysis of protein translocation. Added interest has also been gained by the realization that the transport mechanisms that mediate protein uptake by chloroplasts, mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum display certain characteristics in common. These include amino terminal sequences that target proteins to particular organelles, a transport process that is mechanistically independent from the events of translation, and an ATP-requiring transport step that is thought to involve partial unfolding of the protein to be translocated. In this review we examine recent studies on the binding of precursors to the chloroplast surface, the energy-dependent uptake of proteins into the stroma, and the targeting of proteins to the thylakoid lumen. These aspects of protein transport into chloroplasts are discussed in the context of recent studies on protein uptake by mitochondria.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Abbreviations

CAT:

chloramphenicol acetyl transferase

CCCP:

carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone

DHFR:

dihydrofolate reductase

EPSP:

5-enol-pyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate

ER:

endoplasmic reticulum

LHCP:

light harvesting chlorophyll a/b apoprotein

NPT:

neomycin phosphotransferase

oATP:

adenosine-2′,3′-dialdehyde-5′-triphosphate

Pi-inorganic phosphate Rubisco:

ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase

SSU:

small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase

SRP:

signal recognition particle

References

  • Allison DS and Schatz G (1986) Artificial mitochondrial presequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 9011–9015

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson S and Smith SM (1986) Synthesis of the small subunit of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase from genes cloned into plasmids containing the SP6 promoter. Biochem J 240: 709–715

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Argan C, Lusty CJ and Shore GC (1983) Membrane and cytosolic components affecting transport of the precursor for Ornithine carbamyltransferase into mitochondria. J Biol Chem 258: 667–670

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker A and Schatz G (1987) Sequences from a prokaryotic genome or the mouse dihydrofolate reductase gene can restore the import of a truncated precursor protein into yeast mitochondria. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 3117–3121

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bartlett SG, Landry SJ and Pomarico SM (1986) Transport of proteins into chloroplasts. Curr Top Plant Biochem Physiol Vol 5, University of Missouri, Columbia, pp 105–115

    Google Scholar 

  • Bedwell DM, Klionsky DJ and Emr SD (1987) The yeast F1-ATPase precursor B subunit contains functionally redundant mitochondrial import information. Mol Cell Biol 7: 4038–4047

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bitsch A and Kloppstech K (1986) Transport of proteins into chloroplasts. Reconstitution of the binding capacity for nuclear-coded precursor proteins after solubilization of envelopes with detergents. Eur J Cell Biol 40: 160–166

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blobel G (1980) Intracellular protein topogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77: 1496–1500

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blobel G and Dobberstein B (1975a) Transfer of proteins across membranes. I. Presence of proteolytically processed and unprocessed nascent immunoglobulin light chains on membrane-bound ribosomes of murine myeloma. J Cell Biol 67: 835–851

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blobel G and Dobberstein B (1975b) Transfer of proteins across membranes. II. Reconstitution of functional rough microsomes from heterologous components. J Cell Biol 67: 852–862

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Block MA, Dorne A-J, Joyard J and Douce R (1983) Preparation and characterization of membrane fractions enriched in outer and inner envelope membranes from spinach chloroplasts. I. Electrophoretic and immunochemical analysis. J Biol Chem 258: 13273–13280

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boutry M, Nagy F, Poulsen C, Aoyagi K and Chua N-H (1987) Targeting of bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase to mitochondria in transgenic plants. Nature 328: 340–342

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boyle SA, Hemmingsen SM and Dennis DT (1986) Uptake and processing of the precursor to the small subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase by leucoplasts from the endosperm of developing castor oil seeds. Plant Physiol 81: 817–822

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carde J-P, Joyard J and Douce R (1982) Electron microscopic studies of envelope membranes from spinach plastids. Biol Cell 44: 315–324

    Google Scholar 

  • Cashmore A, Szabo L, Timko M, Kausch A, Van den Broeck G, Schreier P, Bohnert H, Herrera-Estrella L, Van Montagu M and Schell J (1985) Import of Polypeptides into chloroplasts. Biotechnology 3: 803–808

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen W-J and Douglas M G (1987) Phosphodiester bond cleavage outside mitochondria is required for the completion of protein import into the mitochondrial matrix. Cell 49: 651–658

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen L and Tai PC (1987) Evidence for the involvement of ATP in co-translational protein translocation. Nature 328: 164–166

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen L, Rhoads D and Tai PC (1985) Alkaline Phosphatase and OmpA protein can be translocated posttranslationally into membrane vesicles of Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 161: 973–980

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheung AV, Bogorad L, Van Montagu M and Schell J (1988) Relocating a gene for herbicide tolerance: A chloroplast gene is converted into a nuclear gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci 85: 391–395

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chia CP and Arntzen CJ (1986) Evidence for two-step processing of nuclear-encoded chloroplast proteins during membrane assembly. J Cell Biol 103: 725–731

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chitnis PR, Hard E, Kohorn BD, Tobin EM and Thornber JP (1986) Assembly of the precursor and processed light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein of Lemna into the light-harvesting complex II of barley etiochloroplasts. J Cell Biol 102: 982–988

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chitnis PR, Nechushtai R and Thornber JP (1987) Insertion of the precursor of the light-harvestig chlorophyll a/b-protein into the thylakoids requires the presence of a developmentally regulated stromal factor. Plant Mol biol 10: 3–11

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chua N-H and Schmidt GW (1978) Post-translational transport into intact chloroplasts of a precursor to the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75: 6110–6114

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chua N-H and Schmidt GW (1979) Transport of proteins into mitochondria and chloroplasts. J Cell Biol 81: 461–483

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cline K (1986) Import of proteins into chloroplasts: membrane integration of a thylakoid precursor protein reconstituted in chloroplast lysates. J Biol Chem 261: 14804–14810

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cline K, Werner-Washburne M, Lubben TH and Keegstra K (1985a) Precursors to two nuclear-encoded chloroplast proteins bind to the outer envelope membrane before being imported into chloroplasts. J Biol Chem 260: 3691–3696

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cline K, Keegstra K and Staehelin LA (1985b) Freeze-fracture electron microscopic analysis of ultrarapidly frozen envelope membranes on intact chloroplasts and after purification. Protoplasma 125: 111–123

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Colman A and Robinson C (1986) Protein import into organelles: hierarchical targeting signals. Cell 46: 321–322

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cornwell KLK and Keegstra K (1987) Evidence that a chloroplast surface protein is associated with a specific binding site for the precursor to the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. Plant Physiol 85: 780–785

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • della-Cioppa G, Bauer SC, Klein BK, Shah DM, Fraley RT and Kishore GM (1986) Translocation of the precursor of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EDSP) synthase into chloroplasts of higher plants in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 6873–6877

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • della-Cioppa G, Kishore GM, Beachy RN and Fraley RT (1987) Protein trafficking in plant cells. Plant Physiol 84: 965–968

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dobberstein B, Blobel G and Chua N-H (1977) In vitro synthesis and processing of a putative precursor for the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74; 1082–1085

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Douglas MG (1987) Hydrophobic and hydrophilic signals in protein sorting. Protein Engineering 1: 80–81

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Douglas MG, McCammon M and Vassarotti A (1986) Targeting proteins into mitochondria. Microbiol Rev 50: 166–178

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duffaud GD, Lehnhardt SK, March PE and Inouye M (1986) Structure and function of the signal peptide. In Current Topics in Membranes and Transport, Vol 24, Academic Press, London, pp 65–104

    Google Scholar 

  • Eilers M and Schatz G (1986) Binding of a specific ligand inhibits import of a purified precursor protein into mitochondria. Nature 322: 228–232

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eilers M, Oppliger W and Schatz G (1987) Both ATP and an energized inner membrane are required to import a purified precursor protein into mitochondria. EMBO J 6: 1073–1077

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eilers M and Schatz G (1988) Protein unfolding and the energetics of protein translocation across biological membranes. Cell 52: 481–483

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis RJ (1981) Chloroplast proteins: synthesis, transport and assembly. Ann Rev Plant Physiol 32: 111–137

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis RJ and Robinson C (1985) Post-translational transport and processing of cytoplasmically-synthesized precursors of organellar proteins. In the Enzymology of Post-translational Modification of Proteins, Vol 2, Academic Press, London, pp 25–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Flugge UI and Hinz G (1986) Energy dependence of protein translocation into chloroplasts. Eur J Biochem 160: 563–570

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gillespie LL (1987) Identification of an outer mitochondrial membrane protein that interacts with a synthetic signal peptide. J Biol Chem 262: 7939–7942

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gillespie LL, Argan C, Taneja AT, Hodges RS, Freeman KB and Shore GC (1985) A synthetic signal peptide blocks import of precursor proteins destined for the mitochondrial inner membrane or matrix. J Biol Chem 260: 16045–16048

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grossman A, Bartlett SG and Chua N-H (1980) Energy-dependent uptake of cytoplasmically-synthesized Polypeptides by chloroplasts. Nature 285: 625–628

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hageman J, Robinson C, Smeekens S and Weisbeek P (1986) A thylakoid processing protease is required for complete maturation of the lumen protein plastocyanin. Nature 324: 567–569

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen W, Garcia PD and Walter P (1986) In vitro protein translocation across the yeast endoplasmic reticulum: ATP-dependent post-translation translocation of the prepro-α-factor. Cell 45: 397–406

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hartl F-U, Schmidt B, Wachter E, Weiss H and Neupert W (1986) Transport into mitochondria and intramitochondrial sorting of the Fe/S protein of ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase. Cell 47: 939–951

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Highfield PE and Ellis RJ (1978) Synthesis and transport of the small subunit of chloroplast ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase. Nature 271: 420–424

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horwich AL, Kalousek F, Fenton WA, Pollock RA and Rosenberg LI (1986) Targeting of pre-ornithine transcarbamylase to mitochondria: Definition of critical regions and residues in the leader peptide. Cell 44: 451–459

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hurt EC (1987) Unravelling the role of ATP in post-translational protein translocation. Trends Biochem Sci 12: 369–370

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hurt EC and van Loon APGM (1986) How proteins find mitochondria and intramitochondrial compartments. Trends in Biochem Sci 11: 204–207

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hurt EC, Pesold-Hurt B, Suda K, Oppliger W and Schatz G (1985) The first twelve amino acids (less than half of the pre-sequence) of an imported mitochondrial protein can direct mouse cytosolic dihydrofolate reductase into the yeast mitochondrial matrix. EMBO J 4: 2061–2068

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hurt EC, Soltanifar N, Goldschmidt-Clermont M, Rochaix J-D and Schatz G (1986) The cleavable pre-sequence of an imported chloroplast protein directs attached Polypeptides into yeast mitochondria. EMBO J 5: 1343–1350

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hurt EC and Schatz G (1987) A cytosolic protein contains a cryptic mitochondrial targeting +signal. Nature 325: 499–503

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hurt EC, Allison DS, Muller U and Schatz G (1987) Amino-terminal deletions in the presequence of an imported mitochondrial protein block, the targeting function and proteolytic cleavage of the presequence at the carboxy terminus. J Biol Chem 262: 1420–1424

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jansen T, Rother C, Steppuhn J, Reinke H, Beyreuther K, Jansson C, Andersson B and Herrmann RG (1987) Nucleotide sequence of cDNA clones encoding the complete ‘23 kDa’ and ‘16 kDa’ precursor proteins associated with the photosynthetic oxygen-evolving complex from spinach. FEBS Lett 216: 234–240

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Josefsson, L-G and Randall LL (1981) Differential exported protein in E. coli show differences in the temporal mode of processing in vivo. Cell 25: 151–157

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karlin-Neumann G and Tobin EM (1986) Transit peptides of nuclear-encoded chloroplast proteins share a common amino acid framework. EMBO J 5: 1343–1350

    Google Scholar 

  • Kleene R, Pfanner N, Pfaller R, Link TA, Sebald W, Neupert W and Tropschug M (1987) Mitochondrial porin of Neurospora crassa: cDNA cloning, in vitro expression and import into mitochondria. EMBO J 6: 2627–2633

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klosgen RB, Gierl A, Schwarz-Sommer Z and Saedler H (1986) Molecular analysis of the waxy locus of Zea mays. Mol Gen Genet 203: 237–244

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kohorn BD and Tobin EM (1986) Chloroplast import of light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-proteins with different amino termini and transit peptides. Plant Physiol 82: 1172–1174

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kohorn BD, Harel E, Chitnis PR, Thornber JP and Tobin EM (1986) Functional and mutational analysis of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein of thylakoid membranes. J Cell Biol 102: 972–981

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koshland D and Botstein D (1982) Evidence for posttranslational translocation of β-lactamase across the bacterial inner membrane. Cell 30: 893–902

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuntz M, Simons A, Schell J and Schreier PH (1986) Targeting of protein to chloroplasts in transgenic tobacco by fusion to mutated transit peptide. Mol Gen Genet 205: 454–460

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lamppa GK and Abad MS (1987) Processing of a wheat light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein precursor by a soluble enzyme from higher plant chloroplasts. J Cell Biol 105: 2641–2648

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lazarow PB and Fujiki Y (1985) Biogenesis of peroxisomes. Ann Rev Cell Biol 1: 489–530

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lubben TH and Keegstra K (1986) Efficient in vitro import of a cytosolic heat shock protein into pea chloroplasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 5502–5506

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lubben TH, Bansberg J and Keegstra K (1987) Stop transfer regions do not halt translocation of proteins into chloroplasts. Science 238: 112–114

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maher PA and Singer SJ (1986) Disulfide bonds and the translocation of proteins across membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 9001–9005

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marks DB, Keller BJ and Hoober JK (1985) In vitro processing of precursors of thylakoid membrane proteins of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii y-1. Plant Physiol 79: 108–113

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mayfield SP, Rahire M, Frank G, Zuber H and Rochaix J-D (1987) Expression of the nuclear gene encoding oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 2 is required for high levels of photosynthetic oxygen evolution in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Proc Natl Acad Sci USQA 84: 749–753

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Melton DA, Krieg PA, Rebagliatiai MR, Maniatis T, Zinn K and Green MR (1984) Efficient in vitro synthesis of biologically active RNA and RNA hybridization probes from plasmids containing a bacteriophage SP6 promoter. Nucl Acids Res 12: 7035–7056

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Merchant S and Bogorad L (1987) The Cu(II)-repressible plastidic cytochrome c. Cloning and sequence of a complementary DNA for the pre-apoprotein. J biol Chem 262: 9062

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mishkind ML, Wessler SR and Schmidt GW (1985) Functional determinants in transit sequences: Import and partial maturation by vascular plant chloroplasts of the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit of Chlamydomonas. J Cell Biol 100: 226–234

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mishkind ML, Greer KS and Schmidt GW (1987) Cell-free reconstitution of protein transport into chloroplasts. Met Enzymol 148: 274–294

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miura S, Mori M and Tatibana M (1983) Transport of Ornithine carbamyltransferase precursor into mitochondria. Stimulation by potassium ion, magnesium ion, and a reticulocyte cytosolic protein(s). J Biol Chem 258: 6671–6674

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen M and Shore GC (1987) Import of hybrid vesicular stomatitis G protein to the mitochondrial inner membrane. J Biol Chem 262: 3929–3931

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen M, Argan C, Sheffield W, Bell A, Shields D and Shore G (1987) A signal sequence domain essential for processing, but not import, of mitochondrial pre-ornithine carbamyl transferase. J Cell Biol 104: 1193–1198

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ohba M and Schatz G (1987a) Protein import into yeast mitochondria is inhibited by antibodies raised against 45-kD proteins of the outer membrane. EMBO J 6: 2109–2115

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ohba M and Schatz G (1987b) Disruption of the outer membrane restores protein import to trypsin-treated yeast mitochondria. EMBO J 6: 2117–2122

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ohta S and Schatz B (1984) A purified precursor Polypeptide requires a cytosolic protein fraction for import into mitochondria. EMBO J 3: 651–657

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pain D and Blobel G (1987) Protein import into chloroplasts requires a chloroplast ATPase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 3288–3292

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pain D, Kanwar YS and Blobel G (1988) Identification of a receptor for protein import into chloroplasts and its localization to envelope contact zones. Nature 3313: 232–237

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pfaller R and Neupert W (1987) High affinity binding sites involved in the import of porin into mitochondria. EMBO J 6: 2635–2642

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pfanner N and Neupert W (1986) Transport of F1-ATPase subunit beta into mitochondria depends on both a membrane potential and nucleoside triphosphates. FEBS Lett 209: 152–156

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pfanner N and Neupert W (1987) Distinct steps in the import of ADP/ATP carrier in mitochondria. J Biol Chem 262: 7528–7536

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pfanner N, Tropschug M and Neupert W (1987) Mitochondrial protein import: nucleoside triphosphates are involved in conferring import-competence to precursors. Cell 49: 815–823

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pfisterer J, Lachmann P and Kloppstech K (1982) Transport of proteins into chloroplasts. Binding of nuclear-coded chloroplast proteins to the chloroplast envelope. Eur J Biochem 126: 143–148

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Randall LL (1983) Translocation of domains of nascent periplasmic proteins across the cytoplasmic membrane is independent of elongation. Cell 33: 231–240

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reiss B, Wasmann CC and Bohnert H (1987) Regions in the transit peptide of SSU essential for transport into chloroplasts. Mol Gen Genet 209: 116–121

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Riezman H, Hay R, Witte C, Nelson N and Schatz G (1983) Yeast mitochondrial outer membrane specifically binds cytoplasmically-synthesized precursors of mitochondrial proteins. EMBO J 2: 1113–1118

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson C and Ellis RJ (1984a) Transport of proteins into chloroplasts. Partial purification of a chloroplast protease involved in the processing of imported precursor Polypeptides. Eur J Biochem 142: 337–342

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson C and Ellis RJ (1984b) Transport of protein into chloroplasts. The precursor of small subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase is processed to the mature size in two steps. Eur J Biochem 142: 343–346

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson C and Ellis RJ (1985) Transport of proteins into chloroplasts. The effect of incorporation of amino acid analogues on the import and processing of chloroplast Polypeptides. Eur J Biochem 152: 67–73

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roise D, Horvath SJ, Tomich JM, Richards JH and Schatz G (1986) A chemically synthesized pre-sequence of an imported mitochondrial protein can form an amphiphilic helix and perturb natural and artificial phospholipid bilayers. EMBO J 5: 1327–1334

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rothblatt JA and Meyer DI (1986) Secretion in yeast: translocation and glycosylation of prepro-α-factor in vitro can occur via an ATP-dependent post-translational mechanism. EMBO J5: 1031–1036

    Google Scholar 

  • Rother C, Jansen T, Tyagi A, Tittgen J and Herrmann RG (1986) Plastocyanin is encoded by an uninterrupted nuclear gene in spinach. Curr Genet 11: 171–176

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rothman JE and Kornberg RD (1986) An unfolding story of protein translocation. Nature 322: 209–210

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rothstein SJ, Gatenby AA, Willey DL and Gray JC (1985) Binding of pea cytochrome f to the inner membrane of Escherichia coli requires the bacterial secA gene product. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 7955–7959

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schatz G (1986) Protein translocation. A common mechanism for different membrane systems? Nature 321: 108–109

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schatz G (1987) Signals guiding proteins to their correct locations in mitochondria. Eur J Biochem 165: 1–6

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schindler C and Soil J (1986) Protein transport in intact, purified pea etioplasts. Arch Biochem Biophys 247: 211–220

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schleyer M and Neupert W (1985) Transport of proteins into mitochondria: translocational intermediates spanning contact sites between outer and inner membranes. Cell 43: 339–350

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt GW and Mishkind ML (1986) The transport of proteins into chloroplasts. Ann Rev Biochem 55: 879–912

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schreier PH, Seftor EA, Schell J and Bohnert HJ (1985) The use of nuclear-encoded sequence to direct the light-regulated synthesis and transport of a foreign protein into plant chloroplasts. EMBO J 4: 25–32

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwaiger M, Herzog V and Neupert W (1987) Characterization of translocation contact sites involved in the import of mitochondrial proteins. J Cell Biol 105: 235–246

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singer SJ, Maher PA and Yaffe MP (1987) On the translocation of proteins across membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 1015–1019

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smeekens S, de Groot M, van Binsbergen J and Weisbeek P (1985) Sequence of the precursor of the chloroplast thylakoid lumen protein plastocyanin. Nature 317: 456–458

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smeekens S, Bauerle H, Hageman J, Keegstra K and Weisbeek P (1986) The role of the transit peptide in the routing of precursors toward different chloroplast compartments. Cell 46: 365–375

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smeekens S, van Steeg H, Bauerle C, Bettenbroek H, Keegstra K and Weisbeek P (1987) Import into chloroplasts of a yeast mitochondrial protein directed by ferredoxin and plastocyanin transit peptides. Plant Mol Biol 9: 377–388

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strzalka K, Ngernprasirtsiri J, Watanabe A and Akazawa T (1988) Sycamore amyloplasts can import and process precursors of nuclear encoded chloroplast proteins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 149: 799–806

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sztul ES, Hendrick JP, Kraus JP, Wall D, Kalousek F and Rosenberg LE (1987) Import of pre-ornithine transcarbamylase into mitochondria: Two step processing of the leader peptide. J Cell Biol 105: 2631–2639

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tamm LK (1986) Incorporation of a synthetic mitochondrial signal peptide into charged and uncharged phospholipid monolayers. Biochemistry 25: 7470

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tyagi A, Hermans J, Steppuhn J, Hansson C, Vater F and Herrmann RG (1987) Nucleotide sequence of cDNA clones encoding the complete ‘33 kDa’ precursor protein associated with the photosynthetic oxygen-evolving complex from spinach. Mol Gen Genet 207: 288–293

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van den Broeck G, Timko MP, Kausch AP, Cashmore AR, Van Montagu M and Herrera-Estrella L (1985) Targeting of a foreign protein to chloroplasts by fusion to the transit peptide from the small subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. Nature 313: 358–363

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Loon APGM and Schatz G (1987) Transport of proteins to the mitochondrial intermembrane space: the ‘sorting’ domain of the cytochrome c1 presequence is a stop-transfer sequence specific for the mitochondrial inner membrane. EMBO J 6: 2441–2448

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Steeg H, Oudshoorn P, Van Hell B, Polman JEM and Grivell LA (1986) Targeting efficiency of a mitochondrial pre-sequence is dependent on the passenger protein. EMBO J 5: 3643–3650

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vassarotti A, Chen W-J, Smagula C and Douglas MG (1987a) Sequences distal to the mitochondrial targeting sequences are necessary for the maturation of the F1-ATPase beta-subunit precursor in mitochondria. J Biol Chem 262: 411–418

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vassarotti A, Storoud R and Douglas M (1987b) Independent mutations at the amino terminus of a protein act as surrogate signals for mitochondrial import. EMBO J 6: 705–711

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Verner K and Schatz G (1987) Import of an incompletely folded precursor protein into isolated mitochondria requires an energized inner membrane, but no added ATP. EMBO J 6: 2449–2456

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • von Heijne G (1985) Structural and thermodynamic aspects of the transfer of proteins into and across membranes. In Current Topics in Membranes and Transport, Vol 24, Academic Press, New York, pp 151–179

    Google Scholar 

  • von Heijne G (1986a) Why mitochondria need a genome. FEBS Lett 198: 1–4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • von Heijne G (1986b) Mitochondrial targeting sequences may form amphiphilic helices. EMBO J 5: 1335–1342

    Google Scholar 

  • Walter P and Lingappa VR (1986) Mechanisms of protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Ann Rev Cell Biol 2: 499–516

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walter P, Gilmore R and Blobel G (1984) Protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum. Cell 38: 5–8

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wasmann CC, Reiss B, Bartlett SG and Bohnert HJ (1986) The importance of the transit peptide and the transported protein for protein import into chloroplasts. Mol Gen Genet 205: 446–463

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waters MG and Blobel G (1986) Secretory protein translocation in a yeast cell-free system can occur posttranslationally and requires ATP hydrolysis. J Cell Biol 102: 1543–1550

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weisbeek P and Smeekens S (1988) Protein transport toward the thylakoid lumen: Post-translational translocation in tandem. Photosyn Res 16: 177–186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weisbeek P, Hageman J, Cremers F, Keegstra K, Bauerle C and Smeekens S (1986) Nuclear-encoded chloroplast proteins: genes, transport and localization. Curr Top Plant Biochem Physiol, Vol 5, University of Missouri, Columbia, pp 88–104

    Google Scholar 

  • Werner-Washburne M, Cline K and Keegstra K (1983) Analysis of pea chloroplast inner and outer envelope membrane proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and their comparison with stromal proteins. Plant Physiol 73: 569–575

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wiedmann M, Kurzchalia TV, Hartmann E and Rapoport TA (1987) A signal sequence receptor in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Nature 328: 831–833

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmermann R, Hennig B and Neupert W (1981) Different transport pathways of individual precursor proteins in mitochondria. Eur J Biochem 116: 455–460

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Lipman Hall, Cook College, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903, USA

    Michael L. Mishkind & Scott E. Scioli

Authors
  1. Michael L. Mishkind
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Scott E. Scioli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Illinois at Urbana, USA

    Govindjee (Editor-in-Chief) (Editor-in-Chief)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1988 Kluwer Academic Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Mishkind, M.L., Scioli, S.E. (1988). Recent developments in chloroplast protein transport. In: Govindjee (eds) Molecular Biology of Photosynthesis. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2269-3_37

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2269-3_37

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-7517-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-2269-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation