Abstract
The coordinate expression of stress-specific genes is a common response of all organisms to altered environmental conditions. In cyanobacteria, the physiological consequences of stress are often reflected in both the ultrastructure of the cell and in photosynthesis-related properties. This review will focus on the alterations in cyanobacterial pigment-protein organization which occur under different growth conditions, and how several molecular genetic aproaches are being used in this laboratory to investigate the regulatory mechanisms underlying these alterations. We will discuss in detail the response to iron starvation, and present a testable hypothesis for the mechanism of thylakoid reorganization mediated by this response.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Abbreviations
- ConA:
-
concanavalin A
- CP:
-
chlorophyll-protein complex
- LHCP:
-
light harvesting chlorophyll protein
- MSP:
-
manganese-stabilizing protein
References
Akoyunoglou A and Akoyunoglou G (1985) Reorganization of thylakoid components during chloroplast development in higher plants after transfer to darkness. Plant Physiol 79: 425–431
Allen MM and Smith AJ (1969) Nitrogen chlorosis in blue-green algae. Arch Mikrobiol 69: 114–120
Anderson LK, Rayner MC, Sweet RM and Eiserling FA (1983) Regulation of Nostoc sp. phycobilisome structure by light and temperature. J Bacteriol 155: 1407–14-6
Argyroudi-Akoyunoglou JH, Akoyunoglou A, Kalosakas K and Akoyunoglou G (1982) Reorganization of the photosystem II unit in developing thylakoids of higher plants after transfer to darkness. Changes in chlorophyll β, content, and grana stacking. Plant Physiol 70: 1242–1248
Barlow RG and Alberte RS (1985) Photosynthetic characteristics of phycoerythrin-containing Synechococcus spp. I. Responses to growth photon flux density. Mar Biol 86: 63–74
Böhme H and Schrautemeier B (1987) Electron donation to nitrogenase in a cell-free system from heterocysts of Anabaena variabilis. Biochim Biophys Acta 891: 115–120
Bordier C (1981) Phase separation of integral membrane proteins in Triton X-114 solution. J Biol Chem 256: 1604–1607
Boyer GL, Gillam AH and Trick C (1987) Iron chelation and uptake. In: Fay P and Van Baalen C (eds) The Cyanobacteria, pp 415–436. Amsterdam: Elsevier Publihsers
Bryant DA (1987) The cyanobacterial photosynthetic apparatus: comparison of those of higher plants and photosynthetic bacteria. Can Bull Fish Aquat Sci 214: 423–500
Bullerjahn GS, Riethman HC and Sherman LA (1985) Organization of the thylakoid membrane from the heterotrophic cyanobacterium, Aphanocapsa 6714. Biochim Biophys Acta 810: 148–157
Bullerjahn GS and Sherman LA (1986a) Immunological characterization of photosystem II chlorophyll-binding proteins from the cyanobacterium, Aphanocapsa 6714. J Bioenerg Biomembr 18: 285–293
Bullerjahn GS and Sherman LA (1986b) Identification of a carotenoid-binding protein in the cytoplasm membrane from the heterotrophic cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6714. J Bacteriol 167: 396–399
Bullerjahn GS, Matthijs HCP, Mur LR and Sherman LA (1987a) Chlorophyll-protein composition of the thylakoid membrane from Prochlorothrix hollandica, a prokaryote containing chlorophyll b. Eur J Biochem 168: 295–300
Bullerjahn GS, Riethman HC and Sherman LA (1987b) Isolation and immunological characterization of a carotenoid-binding protein from the cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC6714 and A. nidulans R2. In: Biggins J (ed) Progress in Photosynthesis Research, Vol II, pp 145–148. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
Burger-Wiersma T, Veenhuis M, Korthals HJ, Van de Wiel CCM and Mur LR (1986) A new prokaryote containing chlorophylls a and b. Nature 320: 262–264
Clegg JCS (1982) Glycoprotein detection in nitrocellulose transfers of electrophoretically separated protein mixtures using concanavalin A and peroxidase: application to arenavirus and flavivirus proteins. Anal Biochem 127: 389–394
De Bruijn FJ and Lupski JR (1984) The use of transposon Tn5 mutagenesis in the rapid generation of correlated physical and genetic maps of DNA segments cloned into multicopy plasmids — a review. Gene 27: 131–149
DeLorenzo V, Wee S, Herrero M and Neilands JB (1987) Operator sequences of the aerobac-tin operon of plasmid ColV-K30 binding the ferric uptake regulation (fur) repressor. J Bacteriol 169: 2624–2630
Diversé-Pierluissi M and Krogmann DW (1988) A zeaxanthin-protein from Anacystis nidulans. Biochim Biophys Acta, in press
Doolittle WF and Singer RA (1974) Mutational analysis of dark endogenous metabolism in the blue-green bacterium Anacystis nidulans. J Bacteriol 119: 677–683
Dunahay TG, Schuster G and Staehelin LA (1987) Phosphorylation of spinach chlorophyll-protein complexes. CPII* but not CP29, CP27 or CP24 is phosphorylated in vitro. FEBS Let 215: 25–30
Elmorjani K and Herdman M (1987) Metabolic control of phycocyanin degradation in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803: a glucose effect. J Gen Microbiol 133: 1685–1694
Foulds IJ and Carr NG (1977) A proteolytic enzyme degrading phycocyanin in the cyanobacterium Anabaena cylindrica. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2: 117–119
Fujita Y, Ohki K and Murakami A (1985) Chromatic regulation of photosystem composition in the photosynthetic system of red and blue-green algae. Plant Cell Physiol 26: 1541–1548
Gantt E (1986) Phycobilisomes. In: Staehelin LA and Arntzen CJ (eds) Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology: Photosynthesis III, pp 260–268. Berlin: Springer-Verlag Publishers
Glazer AN (1985) Light harvesting by phycobilisomes. Ann Rev Biophys Chem 14: 47–77
Golbeck JH and Warden JT (1986) Photosystem I charge separation in the absence of centers A and B. I Optical characterization of center A2 and evidence for its association with a 64kDa peptide. Biochim Biophys Acta 849: 16–24
Golden SS and Sherman LA (1983) A hybrid plasmid is a stable cloning vector for the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans R2. J Bacteriol 155: 966–972
Grossman AR, Lemaux PG and Conley PB (1986) Regulated synthesis of phycobilisome components. Photochem Photobiol 44: 827–837
Guikema JA and Sherman LA (1983a) Chlorophyll-protein organization of membranes from the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans. Arch Biochem Biophys 220: 155–166
Guikema JA and Sherman LA (1983b) Organization and function of chlorophyll in membranes of cyanobacteria during iron starvation. Plant Physiol 73: 250–256
Guikema JA and Sherman LA (1984) Influence of iron deprivation on the membrane composition of Anacystis nidulans. Plant Physiol 74: 90–95
Guikema JA (1985) Fluorescence induction characteristics of Anacystis nidulans during recovery from iron deprivation. J Plant Nutr 8: 891–908
Guikema JA, Freeman L and Fleming EH (1986) Effects of gabaculin on pigment biosynthesis in normal and nutrient deficient cells of Anacystis nidulans. Plant Physiol 82: 280–284
Hiller RG, Post A and Stewart AC (1983) Isolation of intact detergent-free phycobilisomes by trypsin. FEBS Lett 156: 180–184
Hiller RG and Larkum AWD (1985) The chlorophyll-protein complexes of Prochloron sp. (Prochlorophyta). Biochim Biophys Acta 806: 107–115
Høj PB and Moller BL (1986) The 110kDa reaction center protein of photosystem I, P700-chlorophylla protein 1, is an iron-sulfur protein. J Biol Chem 261: 14292–14300
Holt TK and Krogmann DW (1981) A carotenoid-protein from cyanobacteria. Biochim. Biophys Acta 637: 408–414
Jones LW and Myers J (1965) Pigment variation in Anacystis nidulans induced by light of selected wavelengths. J Phycol 1: 7–13
Jürgens UJ and Weckesser J (1985) Characterization of the cell wall of the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6714. Arch Microbiol 142: 168–174
Kawamura M, Mimuro M and Fujita Y (1979) Quantitative relationship between two reaction centers in the photosynthetic system of blue-green algae. Plant Cell Physiol. 20: 697–705
Khanna R, Graham JR, Myers J and Gantt E (1983) Phycobilisome composition and possible relationship to reaction centers. Arch Biochem Biophys 224: 534–542
Kuhlemeier CJ, Thomas A AM, Van der Ende A, Van Leen RW, Borrias WE, Van den Hondel CAMJJ and Van Arkel GA (1983) A host-vector system for gene cloning in the cyanobac-terium Anacystis nidulans R2. Plasmid 10: 156–163
Kuwabara T, Reddy KJ and Sherman LA (1987) Nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the Mn-stabilizing protein involved in photosystem II water oxidation in the cyanobac — terium Anacystis nidulans R2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 8230–8234
Kyte J and Doolittle RF (1982) A simple method for displaying the hydropathic character of a protein. J Mol Biol 157: 105–132
Lau RH, Mackenzie MM and Doolittle WF (1977) Phycocyanin synthesis and degradation in the blue-green bacterium Anacystis nidulans. J Bacteriol 132: 771–778
Lawry NH and Jensen TE (1979) Deposition of condensed phosphate as an effect of varying sulfur deficiency in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. (A. nidulans). Arch Microbiol 120: 1–7
Lönneborg A, Lind LK, Kalla SR, Gustafsson P and Öquist G (1985) Acclimation processes in the light-harvesting system of the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans following a light shift from white to red light. Plant Physiol 78: 110–114
Lundell DJ and Glazer AN (1983a) Molecular architecture of a light-harvesting antenna. Structure of the 18S core-rod subassembly of the Synechococcus 6301 phycobilisome. J Biol Chem 258: 894–901
Lundell DJ and Glazer AN (1983b) Molecular architecture of a light-harvesting antenna. Quarternary interactions in the Synechococcus 6301 phycobilisome core as revealed by partial tryptic digestion and circular dichroism studies. J Biol Chem 258: 8708–8713
Machold O (1986) Relationship between the 43 kDa chlorophyll-protein of PSII and the rapidly metabolized 32 kDa Qb protein. FEBS Lett. 204: 363–367
Manodori A and Melis A (1986) Cyanobacterial acclimation to photosystem I or photosystem II light. Plant Physiol 82: 185–189
Masamoto K, Riethman HC and Sherman LA (1987) Isolation and characterization of a carotenoid-associated thylakoid protein from the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans R2. Plant Physiol 84: 633–639
Miller KR, Jacob JR and Matthijs HCP (1988) Photosynthetic membrane structure in Prochlorothrix holandica: a chlorophyll b-containing prokaryote. Eur J Cell Biol., in press
Miller LS and Holt SC (1977) Effect of carbon dioxide on pigment and membrane content in Synechococcus lividus. Arch Microbiol 115: 185–198
Muster P, Binder A and Bachofen R (1984) A single subunit P-700 reaction center of the thermophilic cyanobacterium Mastigocladus laminosus. FEBS Lett 166: 160–164
Myers J, Graham JR and Wang RT (1980) Light harvesting in Anacystis nidulans studied in pigment mutants. Plant Physiol 66: 1144–1149
Nakatani HY, Ke B, Dolan E and Arntzen CJ (1984) Identity of the photosystem II reaction center polypeptide. Biochim Biophys Acta 765: 347–352
Nanba O and Satoh K (1987) Isolation of a photosystem II reaction center consisting of D1 and D2 polypeptides and cytochrome b-559. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 84: 109–112
Nechushtai R, Nourizadeh SD and Thornber JP (1986) A reevaluation of the fluorescence of the core chlorophylls of photosystem I. Biochim Biophys Acta 848: 193–200
Ornata T and Murata N (1983) Isolation and characterization of the cytoplasmic membranes from the blue-green agla (cyanobacterium) Anacystis nidulans. Plant Cell Physiol 24: 1101–1112
Ornata T and Murata N (1984) Isolation and characterization of three types of membranes from the cyanobacterium (blue-green algae) Synechocystis PCC6714. Arch Microbiol 139: 113–116
Ornata T and Ogawa T (1986) Biosynthesis of a 42 kDa polypeptide in the cytoplasmic membrane of the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans strain R2 during adaptation to low CO2 concentration. Plant Physiol 80: 525–530
Öquist G (1971) Changes in pigment composition and photosynthesis induced by iron-deficiency in the blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans. Physiol Plant 25: 188–191
Öquist G (1974a) Iron deficiency in the blue-green alga, Anacystis nidulans. Changes in pigmentation and photosynthesis. Physiol Plant 30: 30–37
Öquist G (1974b) Iron deficiency in the blue-green alga, Anacystis nidulans. Fluorescence and absorption spectra recorded at 77 K. Physiol Plant 31: 55–58
Pakrasi HB, Goldenberg A and Sherman LA (1985a) Membrane development in the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans during recovery from iron starvation. Plant Physiol 79: 290–295
Pakrasi HB, Riethman HC and Sherman LA (1985b) Organization of pigment-proteins in the photosystem II complex of the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans R2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 6903–6907
Potts M (1985) Protein synthesis and proteolysis in immobilized cells of the cyanobacterium Nostoc commune UTEX 584 exposed to matric water stress. J Bacteriol 164: 1025–1031
Prakash G and Kumar HD (1971) Studies on sulphur-selenium antagonism in blue-green algae. Arch Mikrobiol 77: 196–202
Reddy KJ, Vann C and Sherman LA (1987) Cloning and characterization of a gene encoding an iron-regulated membrane protein in Anacystis nidulans R2. In: Biggins J (ed) Progress in Photosynthesis Research, Vol IV, pp 777–780. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
Redlinger T and Gantt E (1982) A M 95,000 polypeptide in Porphyridium cruentum phyco-bilisomes and thylakoids: possible function in linkage of phycobilisomes to thylakoids and in energy transfer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79: 5542–5546
Riethman HC (1987) Characterization of pigment-protein complexes in the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans R2, 286 pp. PhD dissertion, University of Missouri, Columbia
Riethman HC, Mawhinney TP and Sherman LA (1987) Phycobilisome-associated glycoproteins in the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans R2. FEBS Lett 215: 209–214
Samuelsson G, Lönneborg A, Rosenqvist E, Gustafsson P and Öquist G (1985) Photoinhibition and reactivation of photosynthesis in the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans. Plant Physiol 79: 992–995
Sandmann G (1985) Consequences of iron deficiency on photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport in blue-green algae. Photosynth Res 6: 261–271
Satoh K, Fujii Y, Aoshima T and Tado T (1987) Immunological identification of the polypeptide bands in the SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of photosystem II preparations. FEBS Lett 216: 7–10
Schuster G, Owens GC, Cohen Y and Ohad I (1984) Thylakoid polypeptide compoisiton and light-independent phosphorylation of the chlorophyll alb protein of Prochloron sp., a prokaryote exhibiting oxygenic photosynthesis. Biochem Biophys Acta 767: 596–605
Sherman DA and Sherman LA (1983) The effects of iron deficiency and iron restoration on the ultrastructure of the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans. J Bacteriol 156: 393–401
Sherman LA, Bricker T, Guikema J and Pakrasi H (1987a) The protein composition of the photosynthetic complexes from the cyanobacterial thylakoid membrane. In: Fay P and Van Baalen C (eds) The Cyanobacteria, pp 1–34. Amsterdam: Elsevier Publishers
Sherman LA, Reddy KJ, Riethman HC and Bullerjahn GS (1987b) Genetic analysis of a cyanobacterial gene encoding a membrane protein which accumulates under iron stress. In Biggins J (ed) Progress in Photosynthesis Research, Vol IV, pp 773–776. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
Siefermann-Harms D (1987) The light-harvesting and protective functions of carotenoids in photosynthetic membranes. Physiol Plant 69: 561–568
Singer SJ, Maher PA and Yaffe MP (1987) On the translocation of proteins across membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 1015–1019
Smeekens S, Bauerle C, Hagemann J, Keegstra K and Weisbeek P (1986) The role of the transit peptide in the routing of precursors toward different chloroplast compartments. Cell 46: 365–375
Stevens SE, Balkwill DL and Paone DAM (1981a) The effects of nitrogen limitation on the ultrastructure of the cyanobacterium Agmenellum quadruplicatum. Arch Microbiol 130: 204–212
Stevens SE, Paone DAM and Balkwill DL (1981b) Accumulation of cyanophycin granules as a result of phosphate limitation in Agmenellum quadruplicatum. Plant Physiol 67: 716–719
Stewart AC (1980) The chlorophyll-proteins of a thermophilic blue-green alga. FEBS Lett 114: 67–72
Suranyi G, Korcz A, Palfi Z and Borbély G (1987) Effect of light deprivation on RNA synthesis, accumulation of guanosine 3′(2′)-diphosphate 5′ diphosphate, and protein synthesis in heat-shocked Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 6301, a cyanobacterium. J Bacteriol 169: 632–639
Takahashi Y, Koike H and Katoh S (1982) Multiple forms of chlorophyll-protein complexes from a thermophilic cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. Arch Biochem Biophys 219: 219–227
Takahashi Y, Hirota Y and Katoh S (1985) Multiple forms of P700-chlorophyll a protein complexes from Synechococcus sp. — the iron, quinone and carotenoid contents. Photosynth Res 6: 183–192
Thornber JP (1986) Biochemical characterization and structure of pigment-proteins of photosynthetic organisms. In: Staehelin LA and Arntzen CJ (eds) Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology: Photosynthesis III, pp 98–142. Berlin: Springer-Verlag Publishers
Tyagi A, Hermans J, Stepphun J, Jansson C, Vater F and Herrmann RG (1987) Nucleotide sequence of cDNA clones encoding the complete ‘33 kDa’ precursor protein associated with the photosynthetic oxygen-evolving complex from spinach. Mol Gen Genet 207: 288–293
Van Baalen C (1987) Nitrogen fixation. In: Fay P and Van Baalen C (eds) The Cyanobacteria. pp 187–198. Amsterdam: Elsevier Publishers
Wanner G, Henkelmann G, Schmidt A and Kost HP (1986) Nitrogen and sulfur starvation of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus 6301 — an ultrastructural, morphometrical and biochemical comparison. Z Naturforsch 41c: 741–750
Warden JT and Golbeck JH (1986) Photosystem I charge separation in the absence of centers A and B. II. ESR spectral characterization of center ‘X’ and correlation with optical signal ‘A2’ Biochim Biophys Acta 849: 25–31
Williams RC, Glazer AN and Lundell DJ (1983) Cyanobacterial photosystem I: morphology and aggregation behavior. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80: 5923–5926
Williams JGK and Szalay AA (1983) Stable integration of foreign DNA into the chromosome of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus R2. Gene 24: 37–51
Wyman M and Fay P (1987) Acclimation to the natural light climate. In: Fay P and Van Baalen C (eds) The Cyanobacteria, pp 347–376. Amsterdam: Elsevier Publishers
Yamagishi A and Katoh S (1984) A photoactive photosystem II reaction center complex lacking a chlorophyll-binding 40 kDa subunit from the thermophilic cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. Biochim Biophys Acta 765: 118–124
Young RA and Davis RW (1983) Efficient isolation of genes by using antibody probes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80: 1194–1198
Young RA, Bloom BR, Grosskinski CM, Ivanyi J, Thomas D and Davis RW (1985) Dissection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens using recombinant DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 2583–2587
Zilinskas BA and Greenwald LS (1986) Phycobilisome structure and function. Photosynth Res 10: 7–36
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1988 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Riethman, H., Bullerjahn, G., Reddy, K.J., Sherman, L.A. (1988). Regulation of cyanobacterial pigment-protein composition and organization by environmental factors. In: Govindjee (eds) Molecular Biology of Photosynthesis. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2269-3_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2269-3_11
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-7517-6
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-2269-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive