Abstract
As for most two-phase operations, also in adsorption separation processes continuous countercurrent contact is often preferred to the cyclic batch operation mode. When the separation factor of the mixture is small and the desired productivities are large, the first process is usually economically preferable with respect to the second one in spite of the additional cost associated with the more complex plant required by the countercurrent operation [1,2].
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Abbreviations
- ap :
-
pellet external surface (m2/m3)
- ci :
-
fluid phase concentration (Kmol/m3)
- cpi :
-
concentration in the macropores (Kmol/m3)
- Ci :
-
fluid phase dimensionless concentration, ci/ρr
- Cpi :
-
dimensionless concentration in the macropores, cpi/ρr
- C K :
-
K-th constant state
- C Et :
-
total dimensionless concentration in tne extract
- C Rt :
-
total dimensionless concentration in the raffinate
- dp :
-
particle equivalent diameter (m)
- DL :
-
axial dispersion coefficient (m2/s)
- DK :
-
dimensionless parameter relative to the K-th transition
- DR:
-
desorbent requirement specific to the fresh feed, μF/μD
- k:
-
global mass transfer coefficient (m/s)
- Ki :
-
equilibrium constant of adsorption (m3/Kmol)
- L:
-
column length (m)
- N:
-
number of components to be separated, except desorbent
- NC:
-
total number of components = N+1
- Pe:
-
Peclet number, u dp/DL ∈
- qi :
-
σ δi θi
- St:
-
Stanton number, Kap ∈ L/u
- Si :
-
selectivity of component i with respect to component r,
- SR:
-
solid requirement specific to the fresh feed, μF σ
- TK :
-
k-th transition
- t:
-
time (s)
- t* :
-
switching time (s)
- u:
-
fluid phase velocity referred to the total section area (m/s)
- us :
-
solid phase velocity referred to the total section area (m/s)
- V:
-
total volume of the column (m3)
- x:
-
dimensionless axial coordinate, z/L
- z:
-
axial coordinate (m)
- α:
-
dimensionless perturbation parameter
- Γ∞i :
-
adsorbed phase saturation concentration (Kmol/Kg)
- Γi :
-
adsorbed phase concentration (Kmol/Kg)
- δi:
-
Γi ∞/Γr ∞
- ∈:
-
external void fraction
- ∈P :
-
intraparticle void fraction
- ∈* :
-
∈ + (i-∈)∈P
- ε:
-
dimensionless fluid volumetric velocity, us/ur
- θi :
-
coverage degree
- μ:
-
volumetric flow rate ratio, uS/u
- μ*:
-
μσ (1 - ∈P)/(1-μ ∈P)
- ρi :
-
fluid molar density of component i, (Kmol/mol3)
- ρS :
-
solid mass density, (Kg/m3)
- σ:
-
capacity ratio, ρS Γ∞ r/ρr
- σ*:
-
σ (1 - ∈) (1 - ∈P)/∈*
- τ:
-
dimensionless time, t u/(∈ L)
- ϕ1 :
-
ρi/ρr
- ζ:
-
z/[L(1 - μ∈P)]
- A,B:
-
components to be separated
- E:
-
extract
- R:
-
raffinate
- F:
-
feed
- D:
-
desorbent
- a:
-
section a
- b:
-
section b
- r:
-
reference conditions
- o:
-
initial condition
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Storti, G., Masi, M., Morbidelli, M. (1989). On Countercurrent Adsorption Separation Processes. In: Rodrigues, A.E., LeVan, M.D., Tondeur, D. (eds) Adsorption: Science and Technology. NATO ASI Series, vol 158. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2263-1_19
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2263-1_19
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