Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Characteristics of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and in vivo

  • Chapter
Pseudomonas Infection and Alginates

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates usually appear as non-mucoid colonies when cultured on agar media, but respiratory isolates from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) characteristically produce mucoid colonies (Fig. 4.1). It is important at this point to make the distinction between the exopolysaccharide produced by mucoid P. aeruginosa and slime, which is a loosely defined material with variable composition depending upon the strain and cultural conditions. The distinction is crucial for an understanding of the nature of mucoid P. aeruginosa and has not always been appreciated even by those attempting to clarify terminology. Several different morphological types of colony are produced by P. aeruginosa and have been described in detail by Phillips (1969). Classic non-mucoid strains, Phillips’ colonial types 1–4, produce slimy colonies and viscid broth cultures only when incubation is prolonged and in gluconate media or media with a high carbon content, and such slime production is characteristic of all P. aeruginosa (Haynes, 1951). The term ‘mucoid’ is restricted to those strains producing the large watery colonial type 5 of Phillips (1969) within 24 h on common agar-based media and whose mucoid appearance results from the copious production of the polyuronide, alginate. The debilitating pathological sequelae of colonization by mucoid P. aeruginosa are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in CF patients (Høiby, 1984; Pier, 1986; Govan, 1988) and the involvement of P. aeruginosa alginate in the complex pulmonary pathogenesis results in ‘one of the most bizarre and intractable bacterial infections known to modern science’ (Deretic et al., 1987a).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Angus, B., Fyfe, J. A. M. and Hancock, R E. W. (1987) Mapping and characterization of two mutations to antibiotic supersusceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J. Gen. Microbiol. 133, 2905–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Angus, B., Fyfe, J. A. M. and Hancock, R E. W. (1987) Mapping and characterization of two mutations to antibiotic supersusceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J. Gen. Microbiol. 133, 2905–14.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anastassiou, E. D., Mintzas, A. C., Konnaris, C. and Dimitracopoulos, G. (1987) Alginate production by clinical non–mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains.J. Clin. Microbiol. 25, 656–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ankenbauer, R., Smyosachati, S. and Cox, D. C. (1985) Effects of siderophores on the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in human serum and transferrin. Infect. Immun. 49, 132–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, N. R. (1982) Role of exotoxin and proteases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in respiratory tract infections. Can. J. Microbiol. 28, 248–55.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berry, A., De Vault, J. D., Roychoudhury, S., Zielinski, N. A., May, T. B., Rothmel, R. K., Fialho, A. M., Hussein, M., Krylov, V. and Chakrabarty, A. M. (1988) Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis: molecular approaches to a medical problem. Chimicaoggi September, 13–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bodey, G. P. (1970) Epidemiological studies of Pseudomonas species in patients with leukaemia. Am. J. Med. Sci. 260, 82–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boyce, J. R. and Miller, R. V. (1982a) Selection of nonmucoid derivatives of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa is strongly influenced by the level of iron in the culture medium. Infect. Immun. 37, 695–701.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyce, J. R. and Miller, R. V. (1982b) Motility as a selective force in the reversion of cystic fibrosis–associated mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the nonmucoid phenotype in culture. Infect. Immun. 37, 840–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, E. S. (1964) Isolation and assay of dipalmitoyl lecithin in lung extracts. Am. J. Physiol. 107, 402–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, M. R. W., Anwar, H. and Lambert, P. (1984) Evidence that mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the cystic fibrosis lung grows under iron restricted conditions. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 21, 113–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bullock, G. L. (1965) Characteristics and pathogenicity of a capsulated Pseudomonas isolated from goldfish. Appl. Microbiol. 13, 89–92.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burns, M. W. and May, J. R. (1968) Bacterial precipitins in serum of patients with cystic fibrosis. Lancet i, 270.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cetin, E. T., Toreci, K. and Ang, O. (1965) Encapsulated Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( Pseudomonas aerugiyiosa mucosus) strain.J. Bacterial. 89, 1432–3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Costerton, J. W., Geesey, G. G. and Cheng, K.- J. (1978) How bacteria stick. Scient. Am. 238, 86–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dahr, P. and Kolb, H. (1935) Schleimige Bakterienwichsform als Krankheitserrege. Deutsche. Med. Wohnschr. 61, 1879–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Darzins, A. and Chakrabarty, A. M. (1984) Cloning of genes controlling alginate biosynthesis from mucoid cystic fibrosis isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Bacterwl. 159, 9–18.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Darzins, A., Wang, S. K., Vanags, R. I. and Chakrabarty, A. M. (1985a) Clustering of mutations affecting alginic acid biosynthesis in mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J. Bacteriol. 164, 516–26.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Darzins, A., Nixon, L. L., Vanags, R. I. and Chakrabarty, A. M. (1985b) Cloning of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa phosphomannose isomerase genes and their expression in alginate-negative nutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J. Bacteriol. 161, 249–57.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deretic, V. and Konyecsni, W. M. (1989) Control of mucoidy in Pseudomonas aeruginosa’, transcriptional regulation of algR and identification of the second regulatory gene alg. Q.J. Bacteriol., 171, 3680–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deretic, V., Gill, J. F. and Chakrabarty, A. M. (1987a) Alginate biosynthesis: a model system for gene regulation and function in Pseudomonas. Biotechnology 5, 469–77.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deretic, V., Gill, J. F. and Chakrabarty, A. M. (1987b) Gene algD coding for GDP-mannose dehydrogenase is transcriptionally activated in mucoid P. aeruginosa. J. Bacteriol. 169, 351–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deretic, V., Gill, J. F. and Chakrabarty, A. M. (1987c) Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis: nucleotide sequence and transcriptional regulation of the algD gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 15, 4567–81.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deretic, V., Dikshit, R., Konyecsni, W. M., Chakrabarty, A. M. and Misra, T. K. (1989) The algR which gene regulates mucoidy in Pseudomonas aeruginosa belongs to a class of environmentally responsive genes. J. Bacteriol., 171, 1278–83.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deretic, V., Dikshit, R., Konyecsni, W. M., Chakrabarty, A. M. and Misra, T. K. (1989) The algR which gene regulates mucoidy in Pseudomonas aeruginosa belongs to a class of environmentally responsive genes. J. Bacteriol., 171, 1278–83.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Diaz, F., Mosovich, L. L. and Neter, E. (1970) Serogroups of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the immune response of patients with cystic fibrosis.J. Infect. Dis. 121, 269–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doggett, R. G. (1969) Incidence of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa from clinical sources. Appl. Microbiol. 18, 936.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doggett, R. G., Harrison, G. M. and Wallis, E. S. (1964) Comparison of some properties of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from infections in persons with and without cystic fibrosis. J. Bacteriol. 87, 427–31.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Doggett, R. G., Harrison, G. M., Stillwell, R. N. and Wallis, E. S. (1966) An atypical Pseudomonas aeruginosa associated with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas. J. Pediatr. 68, 215–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doring, G., Obernesser, H.J. and Botzenhart, K. (1981) Extracellular toxins of Pseudomoyias aeruginosa’, effect of two proteases on human immunoglobulins IgG, IgA and secretory IgA. Zentr. Bakt. Parasit. Infekt. Hyg. 249, 89–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doring, G., Pfestorf, M., Botzenhart, K. and Abclallah, M. A. (1988) Impact of proteases on iron uptake of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pyoverdin from transferrin and lactoferrin. Infect. Immun. 56, 291–3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elston, H. R. and Hoffman, K. C. (1967) Increasing incidence of encapsulated Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 48, 519–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fett, W. F., Osman, S. F., Fishman, M. L. and Siebles, T. S., Ill (1986) Alginate production by plant-pathogenic pseudomonads. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 52, 466–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flynn, J. E. and Oilman, D. E. (1988a) Cloning genes from mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa which control spontaneous conversion to the alginate production phenotype. J. Bacteriol. 170, 1452–60.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flynn, J. L. and Ohman, D. E. (1988b) Use of a gene replacement cosmid vector for cloning alginate conversion genes from mucoid and nonmucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa’. algS controls expression of algT. J. Bacteriol. 170, 3228–36.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Friend, P. A. (1986) Pulmonary infection in cystic fibrosis. J. Infect. 13, 55–72.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Friend, P. A. and Newsom, S. W. B. (1986) Hygiene for hydrotherapy pools.J. Hosp. Infect. 8, 213–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fyfe, J. A. M. (1985) Studies on some unusual characteristics expressed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa associated with chronic respiratory infections. PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fyfe, J. A. M. and Govan, J. R. W. (1980) Alginate synthesis in mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa’, a chromosomal locus involved in control.J. Gen. Microbiol. 119, 443–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fyfe, J. A. M. and Govan, J. R. W. (1981) A revised chromosomal location for muc. a locus involved in the control of alginate production by mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Soc. Gen. Microbiol. ( UK) Quart. 8, 250–1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fyfe, J. A. M. and Govan, J. R. W. (1983) Synthesis, regulation and biological function of bacterial alginate. In: Bushell, M. E. (ed.) Progress in Industrial Microbiology, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 46–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fyfe, J. A. M. and Govan, J. R. W. (1984) Chromosomal loci associated with antibiotic hypersensitivity in pulmonary isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J. Gen. Microbiol. 130, 825–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fyfe, J. A. M., Harris, G. and Govan, J. R. W. (1984) Revised pyocin typing method for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J. Clin. Microbiol. 20, 47–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glass, S., Hayward, C. and Govan, J. R. W. (1988) Serum C–reactive protein in assessment of pulmonary exacerbation and antimicrobial therapy in cystic fibrosis. J. Pediatr. 113, 76–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg, J. B. and Ohman, D. E. (1987) Construction and characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa algB mutants: role of algB in high level production of alginate. J. Bacteriol, 167, 1593–1602.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, C. A., Hodges, N. A. and Marriott, C. (1988) Antibiotic interaction and diffusion through alginate and exopolysaccharide of cystic fibrosis–derived Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 22, 667–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Govan, J. R. W. (1975) Mucoid strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: the influence of culture medium on the stability of mucus production.J. Med. Microbiol, 8, 513–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Govan, J. R. W. (1976) Antibiotic therapy and cystic fibrosis: increased resistance of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa to carbenicillin.J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2, 215–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Govan, J. R. W. (1983) Pseudomonas respiratory infection in cystic fibrosis. Cystic Fibrosis News, Winter, 5–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Govan, J. R. W. (1986) In vivo significance of bacteriocins and bacteriocin receptors. ScaruL J. Infect. Dis. Suppl. 49, 31–6.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Govan, J. R. W7. (1988) Alginate biosynthesis and other unusual characteristics associated with the pathogenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis. In: Griffiths, E., Donachie, W. and Stephen, J. (eds) Bacterial Infections of Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Mucosae, IRL Press, London, pp. 67–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Govan, J. R. W. and Doherty, C. (1985) Influence of antibiotics, alginate biosynthesis and hypersensitivity mutations on Pseudomonas virulence factors associated with respiratory infection in patients with cystic fibrosis. In: Ishigami, J. (ed.) Proceedings of the 14th International Congress of Chemotherapy, University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, pp. 357–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Govan, J. R. W7. and Fyfe, J. A. M. (1978) Mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa and cystic fibrosis: resistance of the mucoid form to carbenicillin, flucloxacillin and tobramycin and the isolation of mucoid variants in vitro. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 4, 233–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Govan, J. R. W. and Harris, G. S. (1986) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and cystic fibrosis: unusual bacterial adaptation and pathogenesis. Microbiol. Sci. 3, 302–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Govan, J. R. W., Fyfe, J. A. M. and McMillan, C. (1979) The instability of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa: fluctuation test and impaired stability of the mucoid form in shaken culture.J. Gen. Microbiol. 110, 229–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Govan, J. R. W., Fyfe, J. A. M. and Jarman, T. R. (1981) Isolation of alginate-producing mutants of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas mendocina. J. Gen, Microbiol, 125, 217–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Govan, J. R. W., Fyfe, J. A. M. and Baker, N. R. (1983) Heterogeneity and reduction in pulmonary clearance of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Rev. Infect. Dis. 5 (Suppl. 5), S874–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Govan, J. R. W., Fyfe, J. A. M., Doherty, C. and McCrae, W. M. (1984) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and cystic fibrosis: is the isolation of non-mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa really of no clinical significance? In: Lawson, D. (ed.) Cystic Fibrosis: horizons, Wiley, Chichester, p. 373.

    Google Scholar 

  • Govan, J. R. W., Doherty, C. and Glass, S. (1987) Rational parameters for antibiotic therapy in patients with cystic fibrosis. Infection 15, 300–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Granstrom, M., Ericsson, A., Stranduik, B., Wretlind, B., Pavlovskis, O. R., Berka, R. and Vasil, M. L. (1984) Relation between antibody response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa exoproteins and colonizationJinfection in patients with cystic fibrosis. Acta Paediatr. Scand. 73, 772–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hancock, R. E. W., Mutharia, L. M., Chan, L., Darveau, R. P., Speert, D. and Pier, G. B. (1983) Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from patients with cystic fibrosis: a class of serum-sensitive, non-typable strains deficient in lipopolysaccharide O side chains. Infect. Immun. 42, 170–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haynes, W. C. (1951) Pseudomonas aeruginosa’, its characterization and identification. J. Gen. Microbiol. 5, 939–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henriksen, S. D. (1948) Some unusual mucoid organisms. Acta Path. Microbiol. Scand. 25, 485–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henry, R. L., Dorman, D. C., Brown, J. and Mellis, C. (1982) Mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis. Aust. Paediatr. J. 18, 43–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Høiby, N. (1982) Microbiology of lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients. Acta Paediatr. Scand. Suppl. 301, 33–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Høiby, N. (1984) The management of Pseudomonas chest infections: the way forward. In: Lawson, D. (ed.) Cystic Fibrosis: horizons Wiley, New York, pp. 87–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hollsing, A. E., Granstrom, M., Vasil, M. L., Wretlind, B. and Strandivik, B. (1987) Prospective study of serum antibodies to Pseudomonas aeruginosa exoproteins in cystic fibrosis.J. Clin. Microbiol. 25, 1868–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iacocca, V. F., Siblinga, M. S. and Barbero, G. J. (1963) Respiratory tract bacteriology in cystic fibrosis. Am. J. Dis. Child. 106, 315–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Irvin, R. T., Govan, J. R. W., Fyfe, J. A. M. and Costerton, J. W. (1981) Heterogeneity of antibiotic resistance in mucoid isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa obtained from cystic fibrosis patients: role of outer membrane proteins. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 19, 1056–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, S. E., Brown, M. R. W. and Govan, J. R. W. (1977) The production of stable defined cultures of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa in continuous culture. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 29, 69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kharazmi, A., Eriksen, H. O., Doring, G. and Goldstein, W. (1986) Effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa proteases on human leucocyte phagocytosis and bactericidal activity. Acta Pathol. Scand. 94, 175–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klinger, J. D., Tandler, B., Liedtke, C. M. and Boat, T. F. (1984) Pseudomonas aeruginosa evoke mucin release by tracheal epithelium. J. Clin. Invest. 74, 1669–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Komiyama, K., Habbick, B. F. and Tumber, S. K. (1987) Role of sialic acid in saliva-mediated aggregation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients, hifect. Immun. 55, 2364–9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krieg, D. P., Bass, J. A. and Mattingly, S.J. (1986) Aeration selects for mucoid phenotype of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J. Clin. Microbiol. 24, 986–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuenzig. M. C., Hamilton, R. W. and Peltier, J. L. (1965) Dipalmitoyl lecithin: studies on surface properties.J. Appl. Physiol. 20, 779–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lam, J., Chan, R., Lam, K. and Costerton, J. W. (1980) Production of mucoid microcolonies by Pseudomonas aeruginosa within infected lungs in cystic fibrosis. Infect. Immun. 28, 546–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luzar, M. A., Thomassen, M. J. and Montie, T. C. (1985) Flagella and motility alterations in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from patients with cystic fibrosis: relationship to patient clinical condition. Infect. Immun. 50, 577–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacGeorge, J., Korolik, V., Morgan, A. F., Asche, V. and Holloway, B. W. (1986) Transfer of a chromosomal locus responsible for mucoid colony morphology in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from cystic fibrosis patients to P. aeruginosa PAO.J. Med. Microbiol. 21, 331–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, D. R. (1973) Mucoid variation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa induced by the action of phage. J. Med. Microbiol. 6, 111–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • May, J. R. and Ingold, A. (1972) Sensitivity of respiratory strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to carbenicillin. J. Med. Microbiol. 6, 77–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • McAvoy, M. J. Newton, V., Paull, A., Morgan, J., Gacesa, P. and Russell, N. J. (1989) Isolation of mucoid strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from non-cystic fibrosis patients and characterization of the structure of their secreted alginate.J. Med. Microbiol. 28, 183–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, R. V. and Rubero, R. V. J. (1984) Mucoid conversion by phages of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from patients with cystic fibrosis.J. Clin. Microbiol. 19, 717–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morris, G. and Brown, M. R. W. (1988) Novel modes of action of aminoglycoside antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Lancet i, 1359–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nichols, W. W., Dorrington, S. M., Slack, M. P. E. and Walmsley, H. L. (1988) Inhibition of tobramycin diffusion by binding to alginate. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 32, 518–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ogle, J. W., Janda, J. M., Woods, D. E. and Vasil, M. L. (1987) Characterization and use of a DNA probe as an epidemiological marker for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J. Infect. Dis. 155, 1 19–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ohman, D. E. and Chakrabarty, A. M. (1982) Utilization of human respiratory secretion by mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa of cystic fibrosis origin. Infect. Immun. 37, 662–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palleroni, N. J., Kunisawa, R., Conlopoulou, R. and Doudoroff, M. (1973) Nucleic acid homologies in the genus Pseudomonas. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 23, 333–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Penketh, A. R. L., Pitt, T. L., Roberts, D., Hodson, M. E. and Batten, J. C. (1983) The relationship of phenotype changes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the clinical condition of patients with cystic fibrosis. Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. 127, 605–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, I. (1969) Identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the clinical laboratory. J. Med. Microbiol, 2, 9–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pier, G. B. (1986) Pulmonary disease associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis: current status of the host–bacterium interaction.J. Infect, Dis. 151, 575–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pier, G. B., Saunders, J. M., Ames, P., Edwards, M., Auerbach, H., Goldfarb, J., Speert, D. and Plurwitch, S. (1987) Opsonophagocytic killing antibody to Pseudomonas aeruginosa mucoid exopolysaccharide in older noncolonized patients with cystic fibrosis. New Engl, J. Med. 317, 793–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pitt, T. L. (1986) Biology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in relation to pulmonary infection in cystic fibrosis. J. Roy. Soc. Med. 79 (Suppl. 12), 13–18.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ramphal, R., Guay, C. and Pier, G. B. (1987) Pseudomonas aeruginosa adhesins for trachobronchial mucin. Infect. Immun. 55, 600–3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, H. Y., Di Sant’Agnese, P. A. and Zierdt, H. (1976) Mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a sign of cystic fibrosis in young adults with chronic pulmonary disease.J. Am. Med. Assoc. 236, 2190–2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rhame, F. S. (1980) The ecology and epidemiology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In: Sabath, L. D. (ed.) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Hans Huber, Berne, pp. 31–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ronson, C. W., Nixon, B. T. and Ausubel, F. M. (1987) Conserved domains in bacterial regulatory proteins that respond to environmental stimuli. Cell 49, 578–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rose, M. C., Brown, C. F., Jacoby, J. Z., Ill, Lynn, W. S. and Kaufman, B. (1987) Biochemical properties of tracheobronchial mucins from cystic fibrosis and non–cystic fibrosis individuals. Pediatr. Res. 22, 545–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seal, T., Thirkill, H., I arpay, M., Flux, M. and Rennert, M. (1979) Serotype and antibiotic susceptibilities of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from single sputa of cystic fibrosis patients.J. Clin. Microbiol. 9, 72–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seymour, C. A. (1984) Bringing molecular biology to the bedside: cystic fibrosis. BioEssays 1, 38–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Slack, M. P. E. and Nichols, W. W. (1981) The penetration of antibiotics through sodium alginate and through the exopolysaccharide of a mucoid strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Lancet ii, 502–3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sonnenschein, C. (1927) Die Mucosus-form des Pyocyaneus-bakteriums, Bacterium pyocyaneum mucosum. Zentr. Bakt. Parisit. Grig. 104, 365–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tejedor, G, Foulds, J. and Zasloff, M. (1982) Bacteriophages in sputum of patients with bronchopulmonary Pseudomonas infections. Infect., Immun. 36, 440–1.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomassen, J. J. Demko, C. A., Boxerbaum, R., Stern, C. and Kuchenbroch, P. J. (1979) Multiple isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with differing antimicrobial susceptibility patterns from patients with cystic fibrosis. J. Infect. Dis. 140, 873–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomassen, J. J. Demko, C. A., Boxerbaum, R., Stern, C. and Kuchenbroch, P. J. (1979) Multiple isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with differing antimicrobial susceptibility patterns from patients with cystic fibrosis. J. Infect. Dis. 140, 873–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vasil, M. L. (1986) Pseudomonas aeruginosa: biology, mechanisms of virulence, epidemiology. J. Pediatr. 108, 800–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, R. J. and Govan, J. R. W. (1973) Pyocine typing of mucoid strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J. Med. Microbiol. 6, 409–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, C. K. (1956) Morphological and physiological considerations of colonial variants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J. Bacteriol. 71, 617–22.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, R., Roberts, D. and Cole, P. (1985) Effect of bacterial products on human cililary f unction in vivo. Thorax 40, 125–31.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woods, D. E., Iglewski, B. H. and Johanson, W. G. (1982) Host and bacterial factors in the colonization of the respiratory tract. In: Schlessinger, D. (ed.) Microbiology 1982, American Society of Microbiology, Washington, DC, pp. 348–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, L. S. and Armstrong, D. (1972) Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. CRC Grit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. 3, 291–346.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zierdt, C. M. and Schmidt, P. J. (1964) Dissociation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J. Bacteriol. 87, 1003–10.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zierdt, C. M. and Williams, R. L. (1975) Serotyping of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas.J. Clin. Microbiol. 1, 521–6.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. J. R. W. Govan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, University of Wales College of Cardiff, Wales

    P. Gacesa  & N. J. Russell  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1990 Chapman and Hall

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Govan, J.R.W. (1990). Characteristics of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and in vivo . In: Gacesa, P., Russell, N.J. (eds) Pseudomonas Infection and Alginates. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1836-8_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1836-8_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-7319-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-1836-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation