Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Estimation of Atmospheric Input and Evasion Fluxes of Mercury to and from the Great Lakes

  • Chapter
Book cover Global and Regional Mercury Cycles: Sources, Fluxes and Mass Balances

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((ASEN2,volume 21))

Abstract

Using Lake Ontario as an example, this paper presents estimates of atmospheric inputs of mercury based on an atmospheric deposition and air-water exchange paradigm, invoking recent environmental measurement data obtained in the vicinity of this lake. These calculations consider not only direct deposition (wet & dry) to the lake surface, but also take into account atmospheric loading to the surrounding watershed (drainage basin), as well as mass transfer of elemental Hg at the air-water interface.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. IJC (1987) Summary Report of the Workshop on Great Lakes Atmospheric Deposition, International Joint Commission, Windsor, Ontario, Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Strachan, W.M.J. and Eisenreich, S.J. (1988) Mass Balancing of Toxic Chemicals in the Great Lakes: The Role of Atmospheric Deposition, International Joint Commission, Windsor, Ontario, Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Eisenreich, S.J. and Strachan, W.M.J. (1992) Estimating Atmospheric Deposition of Toxic Substances to the Great Lakes — An Update. Report of a Workshop held at the Canada Centre for Inland Waters, Burlington, Ontario, Canada. January 31 -February 2, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Hoff, RM. (1994) An error budget for the determination of the atmospheric mass loading of toxic chemicals in the Great Lakes, J. Great Lakes Res. 20, 229–239.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Hoff, RM., Strachan, W.M.J., Sweet, C.W., Gate, D.E., Harlin, K., Shackleton, M., Cussion, S., Chan, C.H., Brice, K.A., Schroeder, W.H. and Bidleman, T.A. (1996) A 1994 update of the atmospheric deposition of toxic chemicals to the Great Lakes, Atmos. Environ. (In press).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Bloxam, R., Wong, S., Misra, P.K., Voldner, E. and Schroeder, W.H. (1991) Modelling the long-range transport, transformation, and deposition of mercury in a comprehensive Eulerian framework, in J.G. Farmer (ed.), Heavy Metals in the Environment, CEP Consultants Ltd. Publisher, Edinburgh, U.K., Volume I, pp. 326–329.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Bullock, O.R., Jr., Benjey, W. and Keating, M.H. (1996) The modeling of regional-scale atmospheric mercury concentration and deposition patterns using RELMAP, in J.E. Baker (ed.), Atmospheric Deposition of Contaminants to the Great Lakes and Coastal Waters, A Special Publication of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (In press).

    Google Scholar 

  8. Shannon, J. and Voldner, E. (1995) Modelling atmospheric concentrations and deposition of mercury to the Great Lakes, Atmos. Environ. 29, 1649–1661.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Schroeder, W.H. (1994) Atmospheric mercury measurements at a rural site in southern Ontario, Canada, in C.J. Watras and J.W. Huckabee (eds), Mercury Pollution — Integration and Synthesis, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Schroeder, W.H. and Markes, J. (1994) Measurements of atmospheric mercury concentrations in the Canadian environment near Lake Ontario, J. Great Lakes Res. 20, 240–259.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Fitzgerald, W.F., Mason, R.P. and Vandal, G. (1991) Atmospheric cycling and air-water exchange of mercury over mid-continental lacustrine regions, Water, Air, Soil Pollut. 56, 745–767.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Pruppacher, H.R., Semonin, R.G. and Slinn, W.G.N, (eds.) (1983) Precipitation Scavenging, Dry Deposition and Resuspension, Elsevier, New York. Vols. I and II.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Schroeder, W.H. and Lane, D.A. (1988) The fate of toxic airborne pollutants, Environ. Sci. Technol. 22, 240–246.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Mierle, G. (1990) Aqueous inputs of mercury to Precambrian Shield lakes in Ontario, Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 9, 843–851.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Johnson, N.D. (1992) Review of Methods for Measuring Mercury in Air and Precipitation, Ortech International, Mississauga, Ontario. Report prepared for Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Table 3.2.1 and 3.2.2.

    Google Scholar 

  16. U.S. EPA and Environment Canada (1987) The Great Lakes: An Environmental Atlas and Resource Book, ISBN 0–662–15189, p. 4.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Schroeder, W.H., Dobson, M., Kane, D.M. and Johnson, N.D. (1987) Toxic trace elements associated with airborne particulate matter: A review, J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc. 37, 1267–1285.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Schroeder, W.H. and Jackson, R.A. (1987) Environmental measurements with an atmospheric mercury monitor having speciation capabilities, Chemosphere 16, 183–199.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Petersen, G., Schneider, B., Eppel, D., Grassl, H., Iverfeldt, A., Misra, P.K., Bloxam, R., Wong, S., Schroeder, W.H., Voldner, E. and Pacyna, J. (1990) Numerical Modelling of the Atmospheric Transport, Chemical Transformations and Deposition of Mercury, Report GKSS 90/E/24, GKSS Research Centre, Geesthacht, Germany.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Davidson, C.I., Miller, J.L. and Pleskow, M.A. (1982) The influence of surface structure on predicted particle dry deposition to natural grass canopies, Water, Air, Soil Pollut. 18,25–43.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Kelly, T.J., Czuczwa, J.M., Sticksel, P.R. and Sverdrup, G.M. (1989) Input of Toxic Substances from the Atmosphere to Lake Erie (Final Report), Ohio Air Quality Development Authority, Columbus, Ohio.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Vandal, G.M., Mason, R.P. and Fitzgerald, W.F. (1991) Cycling of volatile mercury in temperate lakes, Water, Air, Soil Pollut. 56, 791–803.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Lindqvist, O., Jernelov, A. Johansson, K. and Rodhe, H. (1984) Mercury in the Swedish Environment — Global and Local Sources, Report SNV PM 1816, National Swedish Environment Protection Board, Solna, Sweden, p. 29.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Mackay, D., Paterson, S. and Schroeder, W.H. (1986) Model describing the rates of transfer processes of organic chemicals between atmosphere and water, Environ. Sci. Technol. 20, 810–816.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Webb, M. (1992) Personal Communications, Canadian Climate Centre, Atmospheric Environment Service, Downsview, Ontario, Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Sanemasa, I. (1975) The solubility of elemental mercury vapor in water, Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan 48, 1795–1798.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Schroeder, W.H. (1992) Contemporaneous data on mercury concentrations in air and in precipitation in North America, presented at the International Conference on Mercury as a Global Pollutant, Monterey, California, May 31 - June 4, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Barton, S.C., Johnson, N.D. and Christison, J. (1981) A Study of Atmospheric Mercury Deposition in Ontario, Report P-2699/G-05 prepared for the Ontario Ministry of the Environment by Ontario Research Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Fogg, T.R. and Fitzgerald, W.F. (1979) Mercury in southern New England coastal rain, J. Geophys. Res. 84, 6987–6989.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Fitzgerald, W.F., Gill, G.A. and Kim, J.P. (1983) An equatorial Pacific Ocean source of atmospheric mercury, Science 224, 597–599.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Brosset, C. and Lord, E. (1991) Mercury in precipitation and ambient air — A new scenario, Water, Air, Soil Pollut. 56, 493–506.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Lindqvist, O., Guest Editor (1991) Mercury in the Swedish Environment: Recent Research on Causes, Consequences and Corrective Methods, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Barton, S.C., Johnson, N.D. and Christison, J. (1981) Atmospheric mercury deposition in Ontario, presented at 74th Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association, Philadelphia, PA, June 21 - 26, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Lindqvist, O. and Rodhe, H. (1985) Atmospheric mercury — a review, Tellus 37B, 136–159.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Xiao, Z.F., Munthe, J., Schroeder, W.H. and Lindqvist, O. (1991) Vertical fluxes of volatile mercury over forest soil and lake surfaces in Sweden, Tellus 43B, 267–279.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Thibodeaux, L.J. (1979) Chemodynamics: Environmental Movement of Chemicals in Air, Water, and Soil, J. Wiley and Sons, New York, pp. 45–47, 67–68.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Tinsley, I.J. (1979) Chemical Concepts in Pollutant Behavior, Wiley-Interscience, New York, pp. 57–59.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Liss, P.S. and Slater, P.G. (1974) Flux of gases across the air-sea interface, Nature 247, 181–184.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Kim, J.P. and Fitzgerald, W.F. (1986) Sea-air partitioning of mercury in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, Science 231, 1131–1133.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Baeyens, W., Leermakers, M., Dedeurwaerder, H. and Lansens, P. (1991) Modelization of the mercury fluxes at the air-sea interface, Water, Air, Soil Pollut. 56, 731–744.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Swain, E.B., Engstrom, D.R., Brigham, M.E., Henning, T.A. and Brezonik, P.L. (1992) Increasing rates of atmospheric mercury deposition in midcontinental North America, Science 257, 784–787.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environment Canada: AES, 4905 Dufferin Street, Downsview, Ontario, M3H 5T4, Canada

    W. H. Schroeder

Authors
  1. W. H. Schroeder
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Analytical Chemistry, Free University of Brussels, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium

    Willy Baeyens

  2. GKSS Forschungszentrum Geesthacht Gmbh, Max Planckstaβe 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany

    Ralf Ebinghaus

  3. Institute for Water and Environmental Problems, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 105 Papaninsev Street, 65099, Barnaul, Russia

    Oleg Vasiliev

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1996 Kluwer Academic Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Schroeder, W.H. (1996). Estimation of Atmospheric Input and Evasion Fluxes of Mercury to and from the Great Lakes. In: Baeyens, W., Ebinghaus, R., Vasiliev, O. (eds) Global and Regional Mercury Cycles: Sources, Fluxes and Mass Balances. NATO ASI Series, vol 21. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1780-4_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1780-4_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-7295-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-1780-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation