Abstract
Dense molecular clouds are critical to the activity occurring in galactic nuclei. They are the active component from which starbursts arise, and this dense interstellar gas may be the fuel for AGNs. In the ultraluminous IRAS galaxies, high resolution millimeter line mapping has shown extremely high gas surface densities in the central kpc, and often a significant fraction (> 25%) of the total molecular line emission from the galaxy arises from these central regions. New maps at resolutions down to 0.8” in the ultraluminous IRAS galaxies reveal kinematic gradients parallel to the major axis of the CO intensity distribution, suggesting that the gas is situated in a central rotating disk. The most extreme central concentrations are seen in Arp 220 and Mrk 231 (Sey 1) which have now been mapped in both the 2.6 and 1.3 mm CO transitions. In both galaxies, the high observed CO brightness temperatures indicate large area filling factors with mean H2 densities exceeding 104cm-3. To produce the observed luminosities, the star formation rates must be ~100 M⨀ yr-1 within the central 500 pc radius. Estimated time scales for both the dynamical evoution and the exhaustion of the observed central ISM are typically 2xl08 years. At higher redshift, CO emission has been unambiguously detected in two objects, FSC 10214+4724 (z = 2.3) and H1413+117 (z = 2.5), both of which are probably gravitationally lensed. High resolution mapping of FSC 10214+4724 reveals two components: an unresolved core with 2/3 of the emission and an extended “disk” (9x24 kpc). In H1413+117 our CO(7–6) maps at 0.8" show a morphology similar to the cloverleaf pattern seen in the optical and the relative fluxes of the four components varies with velocity. Models for the CO lensing are consistent with the molecular emission arising from a disk within about 1 kpc in radius of the quasar. These high redshift systems may therefore be early universe counterparts of the ultraluminous IRAS galaxies.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Antonucci, J., & Miller, J.S. 1985, Ap.J., 297, 621
Barvainis et al. 1994, Nature, 371. 586
Barvainis, R., Antonucci, R., Coleman, P. 1992, ApJ, 399, L19
Boksenberg, A., Carswell, R.F., Allen, D.A. Fosbury, R.A.E., Penston, M.V., & Sargent, W.L.W. 1977, M.N.R.A.S., 178, 451
Brown, R.L., Vanden Bout, P.A. 1991, AJ, 102, 1956
Bryant, P.M. & Scoville, N.Z. 1995, Ap.J., in press
Chini, R., Krügel, E. 1994, A&A, 288, L33
Downes et al. 1992, ApJ, 398, L25
Eales et al. 1993, Nature, 363, 140
Falco E.E. 1993, in Gravitational Lenses in the Universe, eds. A. Surdej et al. (Universite de Liege, Liege), p.127
Graham, J.R., Carico, D.P., Matthews, K., Neugebauer, G., Soifer, B.T., & Wilson, T.D. 1990, Ap.J. Letters, 354, L5
Okumura, S.K., Kawabe, R., Ishiguro, M. Kasuga, T., & Morita, K.I. 1991 in IAU Symposium No. 146, 425
Planesas, P., Scoville, N.Z. & Myers, S.T. 1991, Ap.J., 369, 364
Radford, S.J.E., Delannoy, J., Downes, D. Guelin. M. & Guilloteau, S. 1991, in IAU Symposium, 146, 303
Rieke, G.H., Loken, K., Rieke, M.J. & Tamblyn, P. 1993, Ap.J., 412, 99
Rowan-Robinson et al. 1991, Nature, 351, 719
Rowan-Robinson et al. 1993, MNRAS, 261, 513
Sage, L., & Solomon, P.M. 1989. Ap.J., 334, 613
Sanders D.B., Scoville, N.Z., & Soifer, B.T. 1991, Ap.J., 370, 158
Sanders, D.B., Soifer, B.T., Elias, J.H., Madore, B.F., Matthews, K., Neugebauer, G., & Scoville, N.Z. 1988, Ap.J., 325, 74
Scoville, N.Z., Matthews, K., Carico, D.P. & Sanders, D.B. 1988, Ap.J., 327, L61
Scoville, N.Z., Sargent, A.I., Sanders, D.B. , & Soifer, B.T. 1991, Ap.J., 366, L5
Scoville, N.Z. & Soifer, B.T. 1990, in Massive Stars in Starbursts, ed. C. Leitherer (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press), 233
Scoville, N.Z., Yun, M.S., Brown, R., Vanden Bout, P. 1995, ApJ, in press
Scoville, N.Z., Yun, M.S. & Bryant, P.M. 1995, Ap.J., (in preparation)
Shen, J & Lo, K.Y. 1995, Ap. J. Letters, 445, L99
Soifer, B.T., & Wilson, T.D. 1990, Ap. J. Letters, 354, L5
Solomon, P.M., Downes, D., Radford, S.J.E. 1992, ApJ, 398, L29
Tinney, C.G., Scoville, N.Z., Sanders, D.B. & Soifer, B.T.Ap.J., 362, 473
Yun, M.S., Scoville, N.Z. & Knop, R.A. 1994, Ap. J. Letters, 430, L109
Yun, M.S., Scoville, N.Z., Carasco, J.J. & Blandford, R.D. 1995, Nature, in preparation
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1996 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this paper
Cite this paper
Scoville, N.Z., Yun, M.S., Bryant, P.M. (1996). Co in Ultraluminous and High Z Galaxies. In: Bremer, M.N., van der Werf, P.P., Röttgering, H.J.A., Carilli, C.L. (eds) Cold Gas at High Redshift. Astrophysics and Space Science Library, vol 206. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1726-2_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1726-2_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-7273-1
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-1726-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive