Abstract
As a wildlife resource, the red deer (Cervus elaphus) population in Scotland is of considerable ecological, utilitarian and aesthetic importance. Scotland’s largest native herbivore, red deer, alone or in combination with domestic stock, can drive vegetation successions in the uplands. For example, where browsing is sufficiently intense, woodland is converted to open grass or dwarf-shrub dominated habitats. Therefore, red deer have profound implications for vegetation and associated animal communities.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ahlen, I. (1965) Studies of the red deer Cervus elapbus in Scandinavia. Ill, Ecological investigations. Viltrevy, 3, 177–376.
Albon, S.D., Mitchell, B. and Staines B.W. (1983) Fertility and body weight in female red deer: a density dependent relationship. Journal of Animal Ecology, 52, 969–80.
Buckland, S.T., Ahmadi, S., Staines, B.W., Gordon, I.J. and Youngson, R.W. (1996) Estimating the minimum population size that allows a given annual number of mature red deer stags to be culled sustainably. Journal of Applied Ecology, 33, 118–30.
Callander, R.F. and MacKenzie, N.A. (1991) The Management of Wild Red Deer in Scotland, Rural Forum, Scotland.
Cameron, A.G. (1923) The Wild Red Deer of Scotland Antony Atha Publishers, Norfolk.
Clutton-Brock, T., Thompson, D. and Covey, C. (1995) Monitoring of Red Deer Changes on Rum. Report to Scottish Natural Heritage, Contract NCCS 024/92/ UPB 1994.
Clutton-Brock, T.H. and Albon, S.D. (1989) Red Deer in the Highlands. BSP Professional Books, Oxford.
Clutton-Brock, T.H. and Lonergan, M.E. (1994) Culling regimes and sex ratio biases in Highland red deer. Journal of Applied Ecology, 31, 521–7.
Clutton-Brock, T.H. (1991). Sport and the wise use of ungulate populations. Gibier Faune Sauvage, 8, 309–17.
Clutton-Brock, T.H., Iason, G.R. and Guinness, F.E. (1987) Sexual segregation and density related changes in habitat use in male and female red deer Cervus elaphus. Journal of Zoology London, 211, 275–89.
Clutton-Brock, T.H., Major, M. and Guinness, F.E. (1985) Population regulation in male and female red deer. Journal of Animal Ecology, 54, 831–46.
Cooper, A.B. and Mutch, W.E.S. (1979) The management of red deer in plantations, in The Ecology of Even-Aged Forest Plantations, (eds E.D. Ford and D.C. Malcolm). Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Cambridge, pp. 453–62.
Cummins, R.P. and Miller, G.R. (1982) Damage by red deer Cervus elaphus enclosed in planted woodland. Scottish Forestry, 36, 1–8.
Darling, F.F. (1937) A Herd of Red Deer. Oxford University Press, London.
Darling, F.F. (1955) West Highland Survey. An Essay in Human Ecology. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Francis, J.M., Balharry, R. and Thomson, D.B. (1991) The implications for upland management: a summary paper, in Deer, Mountains and Man (ed. H. Rose). British Deer Society and Red Deer Commission, Inverness, pp. 12–14.
Gordon, I.J. (1993) The development of a decision support system for managing the impact of red deer on vegetation dynamics and habitat diversity. Appendix C, Red Deer Commission Annual Report 1993/94, HMSO, Edinburgh.
Holloway, C.W. (1967) The effect of red deer and other animals on naturally regenerated Scots Pine, PhD thesis, University of Aberdeen.
Lowe, V.P.W. (1969) Population dynamics of the red deer Cervus elaphus on Rhum. Journal of Animal Ecology, 38, 425–57.
Lowe, V.P.W. (1971) Some effects of a change in estate management on a deer population, in The Scientific Management of Animal and Plant Communities for Conservation (eds E. Duffey and A.S. Watt). Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 437–56.
Macnab, J. (1985) Carrying capacity and related slippery shibboleths. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 13, 403–10.
McLean, C. (1993) Mortality survey. Appendix B, Red Deer Commission Annual Report 1993/94. HMSO, Edinburgh.
Mellars, P. (1987) Excavations on Oronsay: prehistoric Human Ecology on a Small Island. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
Mitchell, B. and Brown, D. (1974) The effect of age and body size on fertility in female red deer Cervus elaphus. Proceedings of the International Congress of Game Biologists, 11, 89–98.
Mitchell, B. (1970) Notes on two old red deer. Deer, 2, 568–70.
Mitchell, B. (1973) The reproductive performance of wild Scottish red deer Cervus elaphus.J. Reprod. Fert., Suppl. 19, 271–85.
Mitchell, B. and Crisp, J.M. (1981) Some properties of red deer (Cervus elaphus) at exceptionally high population densities in Scotland. J. Zool. Lond., 193, 157–69.
Mitchell, B., Grant, W. and Cubby, J. (1981) Notes on the performance of red deer Cervus elaphus in a woodland habitat. Journal of Zoology London, 194, 279–84.
Mitchell, B., McCowan, D. and Parish, T. (1986) Performance and population dynamics in relation to the management of red deer Cervus elaphus at Glenfeshie, Inverness-shire, Scotland. Biological Conservation, 37, 237–67.
Mitchell, B., Staines, B.W. and Welch, D. (1977) Ecology of Red Deer: A Research Review Relevant to their Management in Scotland. Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Cambridge.
Mitchell, F.J.G. and Kirby, K.J. (1990) The impact of large herbivores on the conservation of semi-natural woods in the British Uplands. Forestry, 63(4), 333–53.
Nicholson, I.A. (1974) Red deer range and problems of carrying capacity in the Scottish Highlands. Mammal Review, 4(3), 103–18.
Parnell, I.W. (1932) Some notes on the natural history of red deer. Proceedings of the Royal Philosophical Society, Edinburgh, 22, 75–80.
Ratcliffe, P. (1984a) Population dynamics of red deer Cervus elaphus in Scottish commercial forests. Proceedings of the Royal Society, Edinburgh, 82B, 291–302.
Ratcliffe, P.R. (1984b) Population density and reproduction in red deer in Scottish commercial forests. Acta Zool. Fenn., 172, 191–2.
Ratcliffe, P.R. (1987) Red deer population changes in woodland and the independent assessment of population size, in Mammal Population Studies (ed. S. Harris). Symp. Zool. Soc. Lond., 58, 153–65.
Ratcliffe, P.R., Hall, J. and Allen, J. (1986) Computer predictions of sequential growth changes in commercial forests as an aid to wildlife management, with reference to red deer. Scottish Forestry, 40, 79–83.
Red Deer Commission* (1981) Red Deer Management: A Practical Book for the Management of Wild Red Deer in Scotland. HMSO, Edinburgh.
Red Deer Commission (1990) Evidence to the Agricultural Select Committee, in Land Use and Forestry, HMSO, Edinburgh.
Red Deer Commission (1990) Annual Report for 1989. HMSO, Edinburgh.
Red Deer Commission (1993) Annual Report for 1993/94. HMSO, Edinburgh.
Ritchie, J. (1920) The Influence of Man on Animal Life in Scotland. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Scottish Natural Heritage (1994) Red deer and the natural heritage. Policy Paper, Scottish Natural Heritage, Edinburgh.
Staines, B.W. and Ratcliffe, P.R. (1987) Estimating the abundance of red deer and roe deer and their current status in Great Britain, in Mammal Population Studies (ed. S. Harris). Symp. ZooL Soc. Lond., 58, 131–52.
Staines, B.W. (1978) The dynamics and performance of a declining population of red deer Cervus elaphus. Journal of Zoology, London, 184, 403–19.
Staines, B.W., Crisp, J.M. and Parish, T. (1982) Differences in the quality of food eaten by red deer Cervus elaphus stags and hinds in winter. Journal of Applied Ecology, 19, 65–77.
Steven, H.M. and Carlisle, A. (1959) The Native Pinewoods of Scotland. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh and London.
Stewart, L.K. (1986) Red deer and their influence on vegetation management in northern Britain. Deer, 6, 345–6.
Sykes, J.M. (1992) Caledonian pinewood regeneration: progress after 16 years of enclosure at Coille Coire Chuilc, Perthshire. Arboricultural Journal, 16, 61–7.
Thompson, D.B.A., MacDonald, A.J., Marsden, J.H. and Galbraith, C.A. (1995) Upland heather moorland in Great Britain: a review of international importance, vegetation change and some objectives for nature conservation. Biological Conservation, 71, 163–78.
Watson, A. and Staines, B.W. (1978) Differences in the quality of wintering areas used by male and female red deer Cervus elaphus in Aberdeenshire. Journal of Zoology, 186, 544–50.
Watson, A. (1983) Eighteenth century deer numbers and pine regeneration near Braemar, Scotland. Biological Conservation, 25, 289–305.
Watson, A. (1989) Land use, reduction of heather and natural tree regeneration on open upland. Institute of Terrestrial Ecology Annual Report. HMSO, London.
Welch, D., Scott, D. and Staines, B.W. (1992) Study on the effects of wintering red deer on heather moorland: report of work done April 1992-November 1992. Report to Scottish Natural Heritage, 07/91/F2A/218.
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1997 Chapman & Hall
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Reynolds, P., Staines, B. (1997). Deer management in Scotland. In: Bolton, M. (eds) Conservation and the Use of Wildlife Resources. Conservation Biology Series, vol 8. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1445-2_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1445-2_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-7146-8
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-1445-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive