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Effects of Air Pollutants on Interactions Between Plants, Insects, and Pathogens

  • Chapter
Assessment of Crop Loss From Air Pollutants

Abstract

“Effects of air pollutants on vegetation are like icebergs: the more substantial effects are often below what is easily observed on the surface.” (Laurence et al. 1983)

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  1. University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA

    William J. Manning & Kevin D. Keane

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  1. William J. Manning
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  1. USDA-Agricultural Research Service, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA

    Walter W. Heck

  2. University of California, Riverside, California, USA

    O. Clifton Taylor

  3. US Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon, USA

    David T. Tingey

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Manning, W.J., Keane, K.D. (1988). Effects of Air Pollutants on Interactions Between Plants, Insects, and Pathogens. In: Heck, W.W., Taylor, O.C., Tingey, D.T. (eds) Assessment of Crop Loss From Air Pollutants. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1367-7_16

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