Abstract
Subsequent to the publication of the 1st Report of the Toxicity Working Party at the International Chlorine Symposium organised by the SCI in 1985 in London, and its publication in book form [1], CEFIC commissioned a special study [2] at the TNO-CIVO laboratories in Zeist, The Netherlands. Its primary aim was to obtain data using rats which would establish an LC low or threshold LC. The protocol also included sufficient work with mice to provide a comparison with earlier work described in the literature. It will be recalled that the Working Party, in its earlier report, had been unable to draw any conclusions about the concentrations likely to cause low percentage fatalities, although it did make the positive statement that no lethalities have been demonstrated at 30 min exposure time at or below 50 ppm for any species.
A preliminary report. The final review will be published by the Institution of Chemical Engineers as a Loss Prevention Bulletin in 1989.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Withers, R. M. J., 1st Report of MHAP Toxicity Panel, Modern Chlor-Alkali Technology, Vol. 3. Ellis Horwood, Chichester, 1986. Loss Prevention Bulletin, Chlorine Toxicity Monograph published by the Institute of Chemical Engineers (1987).
Zwart, A., TNO Report No. V87.089/260851, May 1987, TNO-CIVO, Zeist. Published in J. Haz. Mater. 19 (1988) 195–208.
Withers, R. M. J. & Lees, F. P., The assessment of major hazards: the lethal toxicity of chlorine. Part 1: Review of information on toxicity. J. Haz. Mater., 12 (1985) 231.
Davies, P C. & Hymes, I. W., The Chem. Engnr (June 1985) 30–3.
Bell, D. & Elmes, P., The effects of chlorine gas on the lungs of rats. J. Path. Bact., 84 (1965) 307–16.
Bitron, M. & Aharonson, E., Delayed mortality of mice following inhalation of CH2O, SO2, Cl2, and Br2. Am. Ind. Hyg. Ass. J., 39(2) (1978) 129.
Schlagbauer, M. & Henschler, D., Toxicitat von Chlor und Brom. Int. Arch Gewerbepath. u. Gewerbehyg., 23 (1967) 91–8.
Silver, S. D. & McGrath, F. P., Chlorine median lethal concentrations for mice. Edgewood Arsenal Technical Reports 351, May 1942.
Silver, D. D., McGrath, F. P. & Ferguson, R. L., Chlorine median lethal concentration for mice. Edgewood Arsenal Technical Report 373, 17 July 1942.
Underhill, F. P., The Lethal War Gases. Yale University Press, 1920.
Weedon, F., Hartzell, A. & Setterstrom, C., McCallen and Setterstrom: Contributions to the Boyce Thompson Institute, 11 (1940) 325–65.
MacEwen, J. & Vernot, E., Acute toxicity of chlorine. In Syste Med Corporation Toxic Hazards Research Unit Annual Technical Report: 1972, Report No. AD 755–358 (1972).
Alarie, Y., Toxicological evaluation of airborne chemical irritants and allergens using respiratory reflex reactions. In Inhalation Toxicology and Technology, ed. B. K. J. Leong. Ann Arbor Science Publishers, 1981, pp. 207–31.
Lipton, M. & Rotariu, G., The toxicity of chlorine gas for mice. University of Chicago Toxicity Report No. 6 (1941).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1990 SCI
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Withers, R.M.J., Shaw, J.P.H. (1990). Toxic Effects of Chlorine—An Update from the MHAP Toxicity Working Party. In: Prout, N.M., Moorhouse, J.S. (eds) Modern Chlor-Alkali Technology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1137-6_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1137-6_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-7004-1
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-1137-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive