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Peritoneal Anatomy and Transport Physiology

  • Chapter
Replacement of Renal Function by Dialysis

Abstract

The peritoneum (Figure 1) is a living membrane that covers visceral organs, forms the visceral mesentery that connects loops of bowel, and reflects over the inner surface of the abdominal wall (1, 2). The peritoneum is continuous and forms a closed sack, which, because the space within contains only small amounts of fluid (probably less than 100 ml), usually is nearly collapsed. In an adult of normal size, the space can be enlarged by instillation of fluid; two or more liters of fluid can be accommodated without causing discomfort. The surface of the membrane is a shiny layer of mesothelial cells, beneath which lie supporting interstitium containing extracellular fluid, connective tissue fibers, blood vessels, and lymphatics. The visceral peritoneum is that part of the membrane that courses over the surface of visceral organs. As visceral peritoneum reflects from loops of bowel to form the visceral mesentery (connecting adjacent loops of bowel), the interstitium becomes interspersed between adjacent mesothelial layers. The parietal peritoneum is that portion of the membrane that covers the inner surface of the abdominal wall. The total surface area of the peritoneal mesothelium (parietal and visceral) is believed to approximate the surface area of skin, which, in most adults, is 1 to 2m2 (3).

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Authors
  1. Karl D. Nolph
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Nephrology Division, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA

    John F. Maher M.D., FACP (Professor of Medicine, Director) (Professor of Medicine, Director)

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© 1989 Kluwer Academic Publishers

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Nolph, K.D. (1989). Peritoneal Anatomy and Transport Physiology. In: Maher, J.F. (eds) Replacement of Renal Function by Dialysis. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1087-4_23

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1087-4_23

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-6979-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-1087-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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