Skip to main content

Hemodialysis Monitors and Monitoring

  • Chapter
Replacement of Renal Function by Dialysis

Abstract

Worldwide acceptance of hemodialysis for achieving long-term survival of patients with end stage renal failure may have obscured the inherent danger of this technique to the patient. The technique evolved rapidly from the intensive care unit with continuous nurse/doctor observation of the patients in 1960 (1), to the patient’s own home, where unattended overnight hemodialysis was first performed in 1964 with a passive flow system and without the use of a blood pump (2). The universal preference for the arteriovenous (A-V) fistula (3) with its implied use of a blood pump, and the use of more efficient dialyzers together with the requirement that the patient accepts more responsibility for his own treatment (4, 5), have placed even greater emphasis on the need for adequate equipment and monitoring.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Scribner BH, Buri R, Caner JEZ, Hegstrom R, Burnell JM: The treatment of chronic uremia by means of intermittent hemodialysis. A preliminary report. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 6: 114, 1960

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Shaldon S: Experience to date with home hemodialysis. Proc Working Confon Chronic Dialysis, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 1964, p 66

    Google Scholar 

  3. Brescia MJ, Cimino JE, Appel K, Hurwich BJ: Chronic hemodialysis using venipuncture and surgically created arteriovenous fistula. N Engl J Med 275: 1089, 1966

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Shaldon S: Independence in maintenance haemodialysis. Lancet 1: 520, 1968

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Cambi V, Savazzi G, Arisi L, Bignardi L, Bruschi G, Rossi E, Migone L: Short dialysis schedules (SDS) - Finally ready to become a routine?. Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc 1: 112, 1974

    Google Scholar 

  6. Gurland JH, Brunner FP, v Dehn H, Harlen H, Parsons FM, Schärer K: Combined report on regular dialysis and transplantation in Europe, III, 1972. Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc 10 XVII, 1973

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Keshaviah PR, Luehmann D, Shapiro F, Comty C: Investigation of the Risks and Hazards associated with Hemodialysis Devices. Technical Report, Silver Spring, MD, US Dept. Health, Education and Welfare, Food and Drug Administration, Bureau of Medical Devices, 1980

    Google Scholar 

  8. Grimsrud HJ, Cole JJ, Eschbach JW, Babb AL, Scribner BH: Safety aspects of hemodialysis. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 20: 770, 1974

    Google Scholar 

  9. Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation. American National Standard for hemodialysis systems, 1982. Arlington, VA

    Google Scholar 

  10. Bernstein EF, Indeglia RA, Shea MA, Varco RL: Sublethal damage to the red blood cell from pumping. Circulation 35 (Suppl 1): 226, 1967

    Google Scholar 

  11. Hyde SE III, Sadler JH: Red blood cell destruction in hemodialysis. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 15: 50, 1969

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. von Hartitzsch B, Carr D, Kjellstrand CM, Kerr DNS: Normal red cell survival in well dialyzed patients. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 19: 471, 1973

    Google Scholar 

  13. Shaldon S, Ahmed R, Oag D, Crockett RE, Opperman F, Koch KM: The use of the A-V fistula in overnight home haemodialysis in children. Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc 8: 65, 1971

    Google Scholar 

  14. Ward MK, Shadforth M, Hill AVL, Kerr DNS: Air embolism during haemodialysis. Br Med J 2: 74, 1971

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Beullens T, Beelen R, Van Ypersele de Strihou C: Devices for air detection during dialyses. Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc 8: 412, 1971

    Google Scholar 

  16. Nishi RY: Ultrasonic detection of bubbles with Doppler flow transducers. Ultrasonics 10: 173, 1972

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Blagg CR: Acute complications associated with hemodialysis. in Replacement of Renal Function by Dialysis, first edition, edited by Drukker W, Parsons FM, Maher JF, The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff, 1978, p 486

    Google Scholar 

  18. Weseley SA: Air embolism during hemodialysis. Dial Transplant 2: 14, 1972

    Google Scholar 

  19. von Hartitzsch B, Medlock R: New devices to prevent air foam emboli. Dial Transplant 8: 515, 1979

    Google Scholar 

  20. De Palma JR, Shinaberger JH, Abukurah AR: Air embolism hazards in maintenance hemodialysis. Abstracts Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 5: 20, 1976

    Google Scholar 

  21. Said R, Quintanilla A, Levin N, Ivanovich P: Acute hemolysis due to profound hypo-osmolality. A complication of hemodialysis. J Dial: 447, 1977

    Google Scholar 

  22. Linder A, Moskovtchenko JF, Traeger J: Accidental mass hypernatremia during hemodialysis. Nephron 9: 99, 1972

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Bluemle LW Jr: Current status of chronic hemodialysis. Am J Med 44: 749, 1968

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Kachmar JF, Grant GH: Proteins and amino acids, in Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry, edited by Tietz NW, Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1976, p 264

    Google Scholar 

  25. Fortner RW, Nowakowski A, Carter CB, King LH, Knepshield JH: Death due to overheated dialysate during dialysis. Ann Intern Med 73: 443, 1970

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Berkes SL, Kahn SI, Chazan JA, Garella S: Prolonged hemolysis from overheated dialysate. Ann Intern Med 83: 363, 1975

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Harrison PB, Jansson K, Kronenberg H, Mahony JF, Tiller D: Cold agglutinin formation in patients undergoing haemodialysis. A possible relationship to dialyser re-use. Aust NZ J Med 5: 195, 1975

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. von Hartitzsch B, Hoenich NA, Johnson J, Brewis RAL, Kerr DNS: The problem of de-aeration - Cause, consequence, cure. Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc 9: 605, 1972

    Google Scholar 

  29. Drukker W, van der Werff B, Meinsma K: Deaeration of dialysis fluid. Dial Transplant 3: 33, 1974

    Google Scholar 

  30. Hendrick DJ, Lane DJ: Formaline asthma in hospital staff. Br Med J 1: 607, 1975

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Quinn SE, Kennedy CB: Contact dermatitis due to formaldehyde in clothing textiles. JAMA 194: 123, 1965

    Google Scholar 

  32. Ogden DA, Myers LE, Eskelson CD, Ziegler EJ: Iatrogenic administration of formaldehyde to hemodialysis patients. Proc Clin Dial Transplant Forum 3: 141, 1973

    Google Scholar 

  33. Reveillaud RJ, Deschamps A, Aubert Ph: Risks of i.v. administration of formaldehyde to hemodialyzed patients. Kidney Int 1: 292, 1977

    Google Scholar 

  34. Howell D, Perkins HA: Anti-N-like antibodies in the sera of patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. Vox Sang 23: 291, 1972

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. White WL, Miller GE, Kaehny WD: Formaldehyde in the pathogenesis of hemodialysis-related anti-N antibodies. Transfusion 17: 443, 1977

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Crosson JT, Moulds J, Comty CM, Polesky F: A clinical study of anti-N DP in the sera of patients in a large repetitive hemodialysis program. Kidney Int 10: 463, 1976

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Shaldon S, Chevallet M, Maraoui M, Mion C: Dialysis associated auto-antibodies. Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc 13: 339, 1976

    Google Scholar 

  38. Fassbinder W, Pilar J, Scheuermann E, Koch M: Formaldehyde and the occurrence of anti-N-like cold agglutinins in RDT patients. Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc 13: 333, 1976

    Google Scholar 

  39. Beizer FO, Kountz SL, Perkins HA: Red cell cold auto-agglutinins as a cause of failure of renal allotransplantation. Transplantation 11: 422, 1971

    Google Scholar 

  40. Koch KM, Frei U, Fassbinder W: Hemolysis and anemia in anti-N-like antibody positive hemodialysis patients. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 24: 709, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Lewis KJ, Dewar PJ, Ward MK, Kerr DNS: Formation of anti-N-like antibodies in dialysis patients: Effect of different methods of dialyzer rinsing to remove formaldehyde. Clin Nephrol 15: 39, 1981

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Sherris JC, Cole JJ, Scribner BH: Bacteriology of continuous flow hemodialysis. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 7: 37, 1961

    Google Scholar 

  43. Favero MS, Petersen NJ, Boyer KM, Carson LA, Bond WW: Microbial contamination of renal dialysis systems and associated health risks. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 20: 175, 1974

    Google Scholar 

  44. Curtis JR, Wing AJ, Coleman JC: Bacillus cereus bacteraemia: A complication of intermittent haemodialysis. Lancet 1: 136, 1967

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Ebben J, Hirsch D, Luehmann D, Collins A, Keshaviah P: Microbiological contamination of liquid bicarbonate concentrate (LBC) for hemodialysis (HD). Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 33: 269, 1987

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Lefferson P, Goss J: Risk current vs leakage current. Dial Transplant 2: 42, 1973

    Google Scholar 

  47. Deller AG: Electrical safety in dialysis. J Med Eng Tech 3: 186, 1979

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Frize M, Scott J, Durie N, Park G: Fibrillation caused by leakage from dialysis machines - What is the danger? Med Biol Eng Comput 16: 124, 1978

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation. Safe current limits for electromedical apparatus, American National Standard, 1978, Arlington, VA

    Google Scholar 

  50. Kopp KF, Gutch CF, Kolff WJ: Single needle dialyses. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 18: 75, 1972

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Gurland HJ, Brunner FP, Chantler C, Jacobs C, Schärer K, Selwood NH, Spies G, Wing AJ: Combined report on regular dialysis and transplantation in Europe, VI, 1976. Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc 13: 3, 1976

    Google Scholar 

  52. Shaldon S, Chiandusse L, Higgs B: Haemodialysis by percutaneous catheterisation of the femoral artery and vein with regional heparinization. Lancet 2: 857, 1961

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Kobayashi K, Shibata M, Kato K, Kato S, Nakamura S, Kurachi K, Yasuda B, Ohta K, Maeda K, Imai T, Kawaguchi S, Shimizu K, Yamazaki T, Maji T, Nomura T: Studies on the development of a new method of controlling the amount and contents of body fluids (extracorporeal ultrafiltration method: ECUM) and the application of this method for patients receiving long term hemodialysis. Jap J Nephrol 14: 1, 1972

    Google Scholar 

  54. Ing TS, Ashbach DL, Kanter A, Oyama HJ, Armbruster KFW, Merkel FK: Fluid removal and negative-pressure hydrostatic ultrafiltration using a partial vacuum. Nephron 14: 451, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Bergström J, Asaba H, FĂ¼rst P, Oules R: Dialysis ultrafiltration and blood pressure. Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc 13: 293, 1976

    Google Scholar 

  56. Shaldon S: Sequential ultrafiltration and dialysis. Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc 13: 300, 1976

    Google Scholar 

  57. Asaba H, Bergström J, FĂ¼rst P, Lindh K, Mion C, Oules R, Shaldon S: Sequential ultrafiltration and diffusion as alternative to conventional haemodialysis. Proc Clin Dial Transplant Forum 6: 129, 1976

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Hampl H, Paeprer H, Unger V, Kessel M: Hemodynamic studies during hemodialysis in comparison to sequential ultrafiltration and hemofiltration. J Dial 3: 51, 1979

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Wehle B, Asaba H, Castenfors J, FĂ¼rst P, Gunnarsson B, Shaldon S, Bergström J: Hemodynamic changes during sequential ultrafiltration and dialysis. Kidney Int 15: 411, 1979

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Keshaviah P, Ilstrup K, Constantini E, Berkseth R, Shapiro F:The influence of ultrafiltration (UF) and diffusion (D) on cardiovascular parameters. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 26: 328, 1980

    Google Scholar 

  61. Koch KM, Ernst W, Baldamus CA, Brecht HM, Georges J, Fassbinder W: Sympathetic activity and hemodynamics in hemodialysis ultrafiltration and hemofiltration. Kidney Int (abstract) 16: 891, 1979

    Google Scholar 

  62. Liang CS, Lowenstein JM: Metabolic control of the circulation: Effects of acetate and pyruvate. J Clin Invest 62: 1029, 1977

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Keshaviah P: The role of acetate in the etiology of symptomatic hypotension. Artif Organs 6: 378, 1982

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Shaldon S, Beau MC, Deschoft G, Ramperez P, Mion C: Vascular stability during hemofiltration. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 26: 391, 1980

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Wehle B, Asaba H, Castenfors J, Gunnarsson B, Bergström J: Influence of dialysate composition on cardiovascular function in iso-osmotic hemodialysis. Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc 18: 153, 1981

    Google Scholar 

  66. Keshaviah P, Collins A: Rapid high-efficiency bicarbonate hemodialysis. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 32: 17, 1986

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Luehmann D, Hirsch D, Ebben J, Collins A, Keshaviah P: Hybrid hardware scheme for bicarbonate dialysis. Progr Artif Organs 3: 188, 1985

    Google Scholar 

  68. Comty CM: Factors influencing body composition in terminal uraemics treated by regular haemodialysis. Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc 4: 216, 1967

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1989 Kluwer Academic Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Keshaviah, P.R., Shaldon, S. (1989). Hemodialysis Monitors and Monitoring. In: Maher, J.F. (eds) Replacement of Renal Function by Dialysis. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1087-4_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1087-4_12

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-6979-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-1087-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics