Abstract
Over the past decade the poHovirus has become one of the best understood of all viruses which affects humans. The application of increasingly sophisticated molecular biological and immunological techniques to the study of this virus has provided detailed insights into its molecular and genetic structure, its mode of replication and the molecular basis of its pathogenicity (for reviews see refs 1–3). Poliomyelitis, the disease caused by the poliovirus, has been successfully controlled in many countries of the world through the use of two very good vaccines, the inactivated ‘Salk’ vaccine and the live attenuated ‘Sabin’ vaccine. Although both of these vaccines have considerable merits, they also have some relative disadvantages when compared with each other and with other viral vaccines. For example, the killed vaccine is more expensive than the live attenuated, and has seldom found widespread use in developing countries. Its use has also been occasionally linked to problems; for example an outbreak of poliomyelitis in Finland in 1984 suggested that the immunogenicity of at least the type 3 component of the killed vaccine may have been inadequately antigenic4. It has also been suggested that the immune response to the killed vaccine may not provide herd immunity due to the lack of induction of secretory antibodies5. For these reasons, and because of its advantages of lower cost and ease of administration, most countries prefer the live attenuated ‘Sabin’ vaccine.
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Almond, J.W. (1989). The application of molecular biology to the development of new vaccines against poliomyelitis. In: Zuckerman, A.J. (eds) Recent Developments in Prophylactic Immunization. Immunology and Medicine, vol 12. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1067-6_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1067-6_7
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