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Recent Developments in Prophylactic Immunization pp 289–312Cite as

Prospects for the development of a vaccine for schistosomiasis

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Part of the book series: Immunology and Medicine ((IMME,volume 12))

Abstract

Schistosomiasis is endemic in 75 developing countries and some 200 million people are probably infected, with a further 500–600 million being exposed to infection. The disease has widespread distribution in Africa and the Middle East (Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni) and in the Western hemisphere (Brazil, Venezuela, Surinam and certain Caribbean islands) for S. mansoni. In the Far East, China the Philippines and Indonesia are endemic areas of S.japonicum and limited foci have also been recorded in the Mekong basin and now in Malaysia (S. mekongi and S.japonicum, respectively). Other species of schistosomes which infect humans include S. intercalatum (West Africa) and S. mattheei (South Africa). Schistosomiasis is predominantly an infection of rural and agricultural communities with some peri-urban distribution in many countries. Usually poor-quality housing, substandard hygienic practices and a complete absence of sanitary facilities exist in these places. Children are an important reservoir source of infection as they contaminate fresh water through indiscriminate urination, while pollution of water with faeces as the result of inadequate sewage disposal is a critical factor in maintaining transmission of S. mansoni and S. japonicum.

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  1. M. G. Taylor
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  2. G. Webbe
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  1. Department of Medical Microbiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, UK

    A. J. Zuckerman

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Taylor, M.G., Webbe, G. (1989). Prospects for the development of a vaccine for schistosomiasis. In: Zuckerman, A.J. (eds) Recent Developments in Prophylactic Immunization. Immunology and Medicine, vol 12. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1067-6_14

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1067-6_14

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