Abstract
A successful renal transplant is the most desirable form of therapy for the management of end-stage renal disease in suitable patients. These people are offered an excellent opportunity to be rehabilitated and to lead a more normal lifestyle. Furthermore, a great deal of money is saved for the health care system1; and, for patients with end-stage disease of other organs, such as heart, liver and lungs, a successful transplant is virtually the only hope for survival.
Chapter PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Keywords
- Renal Transplant Recipient
- Renal Allograft
- Transferrin Receptor
- Rejection Episode
- Acute Tubular Necrosis
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
References
Stiller, C. R., Robinette, M. A. and Dyer, A. (1985). Organ donors in the eighties: The minister’s task force on kidney donation. Transplant. Proc., 17, 5–8
Canadian Multicentre Transplant Study Group (1986). A randomized clinical trial of cyclosporine in cadaveric renal transplantation: Analysis at three years. N. Engl. J. Med., 314, 1219–1225
Sanfilippo, F., Vaughn, W. K., Spees, E. K., Light, J. A. and LeFor, W. M. (1984). Benefits of HLA-A and HLA-B matching on graft and patient outcome after cadaveric-donor renal transplantation. N. Engl. J. Med., 311, 358–364
Opelz, G. (1985). Correlation of HLA matching with kidney graft survival in patients with or without cyclosporine treatment. Transplantation, 40, 240–242
Sengar, D. P. S., Couture, R. A., Raman, S., Jindal, S. L. and Lazarovits, A. I. (1987). Role of class I and class II HLA antigens in cadaveric renal transplantation. Transplant. Proc., 19, 3422–3425
Opelz, G. (1988). The benefit of exchanging donor kidneys among transplant centers. N. Engl. J. Med., 318, 1289–1294
Takiff, H., Cook, D. J., Himaya, N. S., Mickey, M. R. and Terasaki, P. I. (1988). Dominant effect of histocompatibility on ten-year kidney transplant survival. Transplantation, 45, 410–415
Cerilli, J., Brasile, L., Galouzis, T., Lempert, N. and Clarke, J. (1985). The vascular endothelial cell antigen system. Transplantation, 39, 286–289
Alexandre, G. P. J, and Squifflet, J. P. (1988). Significance of the ABO antigen system. In Cerilli, G. J. (ed.) Organ Transplantation and Replacement, pp. 223–230. (Philadelphia: J. P. Lippincott Company)
Nelson, P. W., Helling, T. S., Pierce, G. E., Ross, G., Shield, C. F., Beck, M. L., Blake, B. and Cross, D. E. (1988). Successful transplantation of blood group A2 kidneys into non-A recipients. Transplantation, 45, 316–319
Schweizer, R. T., Bartus, S. A., Perkins, H. A. and Beizer, F. O. (1982). Renal allograft failure and cold red blood cell autoagglutinins. Transplantation, 33, 77–79
Cardella, C. J., Falk, J. A., Nicholson, M. J., Harding, M. and Cook, G. T. (1982). Successful renal transplantation in patients with T-cell reactivity to donor. Lancet, 2, 1240–1243
Reed, E., Hardy, M., Benvenisty, A., Lattes, C., Brensilver, J., McCabe, R., Reemstma, K., King, D. W. and Suciu-Foca, N. (1987). Effect of antiidiotypic antibodies to HLA on graft survival in renal-allograft recipients. N. Engl. J. Med., 316, 1450–1455
Chapman, J. R., Taylor, C. J., Ting, A. and Morris, P. J. (1986). Immunoglobulin class and specificity of antibodies causing positive T cell crossmatches: Relationship to renal transplant outcome. Transplantation, 42, 608–613
Terasaki, P. I. and Cicciarelli, J. (1988). Sensitization and its role in transplantation. In Cerilli, G. J. (ed.) Organ Transplantation and Replacement, pp. 196–207. (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company)
Garovoy, M. R., Colombe, B. W., Melzer, J., Feduska, N., Shields, C., Cross, D., Amend, W., Vincenti, F., Hopper, S., Duca, R. and Salvatierra, O. (1985). Flow cytometry crossmatching for donor-specific transfusion recipients and cadaveric transplantation. Transplant. Proc., 17, 693–695
Langhoff, E., Ladefoged, J., Jakobsen, B. K., Platz, P., Ryder, L. P., Svejgaard, A. and Thaysen, J. H. (1986). Recipient lymphocyte sensitivity to methyl-prednisolone affects cadaver kidney graft survival. Lancet, 2, 1296–1297
Porter, K. A. (1983). Renal transplantation. In Heptinstall, R. H. (ed.) Pathology of the Kidney, pp. 1455–1547 (Boston: Little, Brown and Company)
Olsen, T. S. (1986). Pathology of allograft rejection. In Williams, G. M., Burdick, J. F. and Solez, K. (eds.) Kidney Transplant Rejection, pp. 173–197. (New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc.)
Mayer, T.G., Fuller, A.A., Fuller, T.C., Lazarovits, A. I., Boyle, L.A. and Kurnick, J.T. (1985). Characterization of in vivo activated allospecific T lymphocytes propagated from human renal allograft biopsies undergoing rejection J. Immunol, 134, 258–264
Preffer, F. I., Colvin, R. B., Leary, C. P., Boyle, L. A., Tuazon, T. V., Lazarovits, A. I., Cosimi, A. B. and Kurnick, J. T. (1986). Two colour flow cytometry and functional analysis of lymphocytes cultured from human renal allografts: identification of a Leu 2 + 3+ subpopulation. J. Immunol., 137, 2823–2830
Piatt, J. L., LeBien, T. W. and Michael, A. F. (1982). Interstitial mononuclear cell populations in renal graft rejection: Identification by monoclonal antibodies in tissue sections. J. Exp. Med., 155, 17–30
Hancock, W. W., Thomson, N. M. and Atkins, R. C. (1983). Composition of interstitial cellular infiltrate identified by monoclonal antibodies in renal biopsies of rejecting human renal allografts. Transplantation, 35, 458–463
Sanfilippo, F., Kolbeck, P. C., Vaughn, W. K. and Bollinger, R. R. (1985). Renal allograft cell infiltrates associated with irreversible rejection. Transplantation, 40, 679–684
Weir, M. R., Hall-Craggs, M., Shen, S. Y., Posner, J. N., Alongi, S. V., Dagher, F. J. and Sadler, J. H. (1986). The prognostic value of the eosinophil in acute renal allograft rejection. Transplantation, 41, 709–712
Hayry, P. J. and von Willebrand, E. (1986). Aspiration cytology in monitoring human allografts. In Williams, G. M., Burdick, J. F. and Solez, K. (eds.) Kidney Transplant Rejection, pp. 247–262. (New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc.)
Stiller, C. R., Sinclair, N. R., Abrahams, S., McGirr, D., Singh, H., Howson, W. T. and Ulan, R.A. (1976). Anti-donor immune responses in prediction of transplant rejection. N. Engl J. Med., 294, 978–982
Kerman, R. H., Floyd, M., Van Buren, C., McConnell, B. J., McConnell, R. and Kahan, B. D. (1981). Correlation of nonspecific immune monitoring with rejection or impaired function of renal allografts. Transplantation, 32, 16–23
Opelz, G., Kiuchi, M., Takasugi, M. and Terasaki, P. I. (1975). Autologous stimulation of human lymphocyte subpopulations. J. Exp. Med., 142, 1327–1332
Suzuki, R., Suzuki, S., Takahashi, T. and Kumagai, K. (1986). Production of a cytokine with interleukin 3-like properties and cytokine-dependent proliferation m human autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction. J. Exp. Med., 164, 1682–1699
Fuller, L., Flaa, C., Jaffe, D., Strauss, J., Kyriakides, G. K. and Miller, J. (1983). Factors affecting the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in kidney transplantation. J. Clin. Invest., 71, 1322–1330
Fuller, L., Esquenazi, V., Roth, D., Milgrom, M., Haynes, M. and Miller, J. (1987). The clinical significance of the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in transplantation. Transplant. Proc., 19, 1562–1563
Durable, L. J., Macdonald, I. M. and Kincaid-Smith, P. (1980). Human renal allograft rejection is predicted by serial determinations of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Transplantation, 29, 30–34
Cosimi, A. B., Colvin, R. B., Burton, R. C., Rubin, R. H., Goldstein G Kung P. C., Hansen, W. P., Delmonico, F. L. and Russell, P.S. (1981). Use of monoclonal antibodies to T-cell subsets for immunologic monitoring and treatment in recipients of renal allografts. N. Engl. J. Med., 305, 308–314
Colvin, R. B., Cosimi, A. B., Burton, R. C., Delmonico, F. L., Jaffers, G., Rubin, R. H., Tolkoff-Rubin, N. E., Giorgi, J. V., McCluskey, R. T. and Russell, P.S. (1983). Circulating T-cell subsets in 72 human renal allograft recipients: The OKT4+/OKT8+ cell ratio correlates with reversibility of graft injury and glomerulopathy. Transplant. Proc., 15, 1166–1169
Schooley, R. T., Hirsch, M. S., Colvin, R. B., Cosimi, A. B., Tolkoff-Rubin, N. E., McCluskey, R. T., Burton, R. C., Russell, P. S., Herrin, J. T., Delmonico, F. L., Giorgi, J. V., Henle, W. and Rubin, R.H. (1983). Association of herpes virus infections with T-lymphocyte-subset alterations, glomerulopathy, and opportunistic infections afer renal transplantation. N. Engl. J. Med., 308, 307–313
Smith, W. J., Burdick, J. F. and Williams, G. M. (1983). Immunologic monitoring of renal transplant recipients. Transplant. Proc., 15, 1182–1183
Binkley, W. F., Valenzuela, R., Braun, W. E., Deodhar, S. D., Novick, A. C. and Steinmuller, D. R. (1983). Flow cytometry quantitation of peripheral blood (PB) T-cell subsets in human renal allograft recipients. Transplant. Proc., 15, 1163–1165
Carter, N. P., Cullen, P. R., Thompson, J. F., Bewick, A. L. T., Wood, R. F. M. and Morris, P.J. (1983). Monitoring lymphocyte subpopulations in renal allograft recipients., Transplant. Proc., 15, 1157–1159
Chatenoud, L., Chkoff, N., Kreis, H. and Bach, J. F. (1983). Correlation between immunoregulatory T-cell imbalances and renal allograft outcome. Transplant Proc., 15, 1184–1185
Guttmann, R. D. and Poulsen, R. S. (1983). Fluorescence activated cell sorter analysis of lymphocyte subsets after renal transplantation. Transplant. Proc., 15, 1160–1162
Shen, S. Y., Weir, M. R., Kosenko, A., Revie, D. R., Ordonez, J. V., Dagher, F. J., Chretien, P. and Sadler, J. H. (1985). Reevaluation of T cell subset monitoring in cyclosporine-treated renal allograft recipients. Transplantation, 40, 620–622
Van Es, A., Tanke, H. J., Baldwin, W. M., Oljans, P. J., Ploem, J. S. and Van Es, L. A. (1983). Ratios of T lymphocyte subpopulations predict survival of cadaveric renal allografts in adult patients on low dose corticosteroid therapy. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 52, 13–20
Fahey, J. L., Prince, H., Weaver, M., Groopman, J., Visscher, B., Schwartz, K. and Detels, R. (1984). Quantitative changes in T helper or T suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocyte subsets that distinguish acquired immune deficiency syndrome from other immune subset disorders. Am. J. Med., 76, 95–100
Reinherz, E. L., Weiner, H. L., Hauser, S. L., Cohen, J. A., Distaso, J. A. and Schlossman, S. F. (1980). Loss of suppressor T cells in active multiple sclerosis. N. Engl. J. Med., 303, 125–129
Bron, C., Rousseaux, M., Spiazzi, A. and MacDonald, H. R. (1986). Structural homology between the human 4F2 antigen and a murine cell surface glycoprotein associated with lymphocyte activation. J. Immunol., 137, 397–399
Uchiyama, T., Broder, S. and Waldmann, T. A. (1981). A monoclonal antibody (anti-Tac) reactive with activated and functionally mature human T cells. J. Immunol., 126, 1393–1397
Lazarovits, A. I., Colvin, R. B., Camerini, D., Karsh, J. and Kurnick, J. T. (1987). Modulation of CD7 is associated with T lymphocyte function. In McMichael, A. (ed.) Leucocyte Typing III, pp. 219–223. (Oxford: Oxford University Press)
Cotner, T., Williams, J. M., Christenson, L., Shapiro, H. M., Strom, T. B. and Strominger, J. (1983). Simultaneous flow cytometric analysis of human T cell activation antigen expression and DNA content. J. Exp. Med., 157, 461–472
Hercend, T., Ritz, J., Schlossman, S. F. and Reinherz, E. L. (1981). Comparative expression of T9, T10, and la antigens on activated human T cell subsets. Hum. Immunol., 3, 247–259
Mendelsohn, J., Trowbridge, I. and Castagnola, J. (1983). Inhibition of human lymphocyte proliferation by monoclonal antibody to transferrin receptor Blood, 62, 821–826
Vodinelich, L., Sutherland, R., Schneider, C., Newman, R. and Greaves, M. (1983). Receptor for transferrin may be a ‘target’ structure for natural killer cells Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 80, 835–839
Koide, Y., Awashima, F., Yoshida, T. O., Takenouchi, T., Wakisaka, A., Moriuchi, J. and Aizawa, M. (1982). The role of three distinct Ia-like antigen molecules in human T cell proliferative responses: Effect of monoclonal anti-Ia-like anti-bodies. J. Immunol., 129, 1061–1069
Lazarovits, A. I., Moscicki, R. A., Kurnick, J. T., Camerini, D., Bhan, A.K, Baird, L. G., Erikson, M. and Colvin, R. B. (1984). Lymphocyte activation antigens. I. A monoclonal antibody, anti-Act I, defines a new late lymphocyte activation antigen. J. Immunol., 133, 1857–1862
Mohanakumar, T., Hoshinaga, K., Wood, N. L., Szentpetery, S. and Lower, R.R. (1986). Enumeration of transferrin-receptor-expressing lymphocytes as a potential marker for rejection in human cardiac transplant recipients Transplantation, 42, 691–694
Bast, R.C., Reinherz, E. L., Maver, C., Lavin, P. and Schlossman, S. F. (1983). Contrasting effects of cyclophosphamide and prednisolone on the phenotype of human peripheral blood leukocytes. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol., 28, 101–114
Sweny, P. and Tidman, N. (1982). The effect of cyclosporin A on peripheral blood T cell subpopulations in renal allografts. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 47, 445–448
Laville, M., Cordier, G., Brochier, J., Lefebvre, R., Revillard, J. P. and Traeger, J. (1982). Improvement of cadaveric renal allograft survival by thoracic duct drainage: Relation with T-lymphocyte subset modifications assessed by flow-cytometry. Proc. Eur. Dial. Transplant. Assoc., 19, 488–494
Kotzin, B. L., Kansas, G. S., Engleman, E. G., Hoppe, R. T., Kaplan, H. S. and Strober, S. (1983). Changes in T-cell subsets in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with total lymphoid irradiation. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol., 27, 250–260
Ortho Multicenter Transplant Study Group (1985). A randomized clinical trial of OKT3 monoclonal antibody for acute rejection of cadaveric renal transplants N. Engl. J. Med., 313, 337–342
Weissman, A. M., Samelson, L. E. and Klausner, R. D. (1986). A new subunit of the human T-cell antigen receptor complex. Nature (London), 324, 480–482
Meuer, S. C., Fitzgerald, K. A., Hussey, R. E., Hodgdon, J. C., Schlossman S. F. and Remherz, E. L. (1983). Clonotypic structures involved in antigen-specific human T cell function: Relationship to the T3 molecular complex. J. Exp. Med., 157, 705–719
Tax, W. J. M., Willems, H. W., Reekers, P. P. M., Capel, P. J. A. and Koene R. A. P. (1983). Polymorphism in mitogenic effect of IgGl monoclonal antibodies against T3 antigen on human T cells. Nature (London), 304, 445–447
Hirsch, R., Eckhaus, M., Auchincloss, H., Sachs, D. H. and Bluestone, J. A. (1988). Effects of in vivo administration of anti-T3 monoclonal antibody on T cell function in mice: I. Immunosuppression of transplantation responses. J. Immunol., 140, 3766–3772
Lazarovits, A. I. and Shield, C. (1988). Recurrence of acute rejection in the absence of CD3 positive lymphocytes. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. (In press)
Jaffers, G. J., Fuller, T. C., Cosimi, A. B., Russell, P. S., Winn, H. J. and Colvin, R. B. (1986). Monoclonal antibody therapy: Anti-idiotypic and non-anti-idiotypic antibodies to OKT3 arising despite intense immunosuppression. Transplantation, 41, 572–578
Legendre, C. M., Yip, G. H., Rodrigues, G. A., Forbes, C. and Guttmann, R. D. (1987). Characterization of an expanded large granular lymphocyte subset lacking natural killer activity present in renal allograft recipients. Transplantation, 43, 229–234
Margreiter, R., Fuchs, D., Hausen, A., Huber, C., Reibnegger, G., Spielberger, M. and Wachter, H. (1983). Neopterin as a new biochemical marker for diagnosis of allograft rejection: Experience based upon evaluation of 100 consecutive cases. Transplantation, 36, 650–653
Schäfer, A. J., Daniel, V., Dreikorn, K. and Opelz, G. (1986). Assessment of plasma neopterin in clinical kidney transplantation. Transplantation, 41, 454–459
Halloran, P. F., Aprile, M. A., Haddad, G. J. and Robinette, M. A. (1985). Procoagulant activity in renal transplant recipients. Transplantation, 39, 374–377
Cole, E. H., Cardella, C. J., Schulman, J. and Levy, G. A. (1985). Monocyte procoagulant activity and plasminogen activator: Role in human renal allograft rejection. Transplantation, 40, 363–371
Colvin, R. B., Fuller, T. C., MacKeen, L., Kung, P. C., Ip, S.H. and Cosimi, A. B. (1987). Plasma interleukin 2 receptor levels in renal allograft recipients. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol., 43, 273–276
Shen, S. Y., Weir, M. R., Litkowski, L., Anthony, R., Welik, R., Kosenko, A., Light, P. D., Dagher, F. J. and Sadler, J.H. (1985). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serum renal tubular antigen in kidney transplant patients. Transplantation, 40, 642–647
Tolkoff-Rubin, N. E., Cosimi, A. B., Delmonico, F. L., Russell, P. S., Thompson, R. E., Piper, D. J., Hansen, W. P., Bander, N. H., Finstad, C. L., Cordon-Cardo, C., Klotz, L. H., Old, L. J. and Rubin, R.H. (1986). Diagnosis of tubular injury in renal transplant patients by a urinary assay for a proximal tubular antigen, the adenosine-deaminase-binding protein. Transplantation, 41, 593–596
Russell, D. H., Kibler, R., Matrisian, L., Larson, D. F., Poulos, B. and Magun, B. E. (1985). Prolactin receptors on human T and B lymphocytes: Antagonism of prolactin binding by cyclosporine. J. Immunol., 134, 3027–3031
Carrier, M., Emery, R. W., Wild-Mobley, J., Perrotta, N. J., Russell, D. H. and Copeland, J. G. (1987). Prolactin as a marker of rejection in human heart transplantation. Transplant. Proc., 19, 3442–3443
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1989 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lazarovits, A.I., Stiller, C.R. (1989). Immunological Monitoring. In: Catto, G.R.D. (eds) Transplantation. New Clinical Applications Nephrology, vol 9. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0855-0_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0855-0_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-6872-7
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-0855-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive