Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Follow-up Studies in Lead-Exposed Children

  • Chapter
Lead Exposure and Child Development

Summary

Seventy-six children out of 114 first tested at age 6 in 1982 were retested in 1985 at age 9. The range of blood lead values had been 3.9–22.8 μg/dl in 1982 (x g = 8.2) and was 4.4–21.4 μg/dl (x g = 7.8) in 1985; tooth lead concentrations were also available (x g = 4.68 μg/g; 1.8–28.2). Neuropsychological testing (WISC-R, Bender Gestalt test, Vienna Reaction Device and Delayed Reaction Times) and neurophysiological testing (sensory nerve conduction velocities = NCV and visual evoked potentials = VEP) was repeated in this group of children. Consistent associations with lead exposure (blood and teeth) after correction for confounding were, again, established for performance on the Vienna Reaction Device and for VEP latencies. Few significant but inconsistent associations were found for intelligence, delayed reaction times and NCV. These results are compatible with the hypothesis that some effects of lead on the CNS do not disappear with ageing over 3 years, if exposure remains unchanged.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Delves, H.T. (1970) A microsampling method for the rapid determination of lead in blood by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Analyst, 93, 431–437

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ewers, U., Brockhaus, A., Winneke, G., Freier, L, Jeimann, E. and Krämer, U. (1982) Lead in deciduous teeth of children living in a nonferrous smelter area and a rural area of the FRG. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health, 50, 139–151

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ewert, T., Beginn, U., Winneke, G., Hofferberth, B. and Jörg, J. (1986) Sensible Neurographie, visuell und somatosensorisch evozierte Potentiale (VEP und SEP) an bleiexponierten Kindern. Nervenarzt, 57, 465–471

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kallina, H. (1964) ‘Validitätsuntersuchung und Faktorenanalyse verkehrspsychologischer, diagnostischer Methoden.’ Z. Exp. Ang. Psychol, 9, 56–70

    Google Scholar 

  • Klebeisberg, D. (1960) Wiener Determinationsgerät. Diagnostica, IV/Heft 4

    Google Scholar 

  • Lilienthal, H., Winneke, G., Brockhaus, A. and Molik, B. (1986) Pre- and postnatal lead-exposure in monkeys: Effects on activity and learning set formation. Neurobehav. Toxicol. Teratol, 8, 265–272

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Munoz, C., Garbe, K., Lilienthal, H. and Winneke, G. (1986) Persistence of retention deficit in rats after neonatal lead exposure. Neurotoxicology, 7, 569–580

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Needleman, H.L., Gunnoe, C., Leviton, A., Reed, R., Peresie, H., Mäher, C. and Barrett, P. (1979) Deficits in psychologic and classroom performance of children with elevated dentine lead levels. N. Engl. J. Med., 300, 689–695

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Otto, D., Benignus, V., Muller, K., Barton, C., Seiple, K., Prah, J. and Schroeder, S. (1982) Effects of low to moderate lead exposure on slow cortical potentials in young children: Two-year follow-up study. Neurobehav. Toxicol. Teratol, 4, 733–737

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Otto, D., Robinson, G., Baumann, S., Schroeder, S., Mushak, P., Kleinbaum, D. and Boone, L. (1985) Five-year follow-up study of children with low-to-moderate lead absorption: Electrophysiological evaluation. Environ. Res., 38, 168–186

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seppaellaeinen, A.M., Hernberg, S. and Kock, B. (1979) Relationship between blood lead-levels and nerve conduction velocities. Neurotoxicology, 1, 313–332

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlange, H., Stein, B., Boetticher, J. and Tanelli, S. (1972) Göttinger Formreproduktionstest (G-F-T). ( Göttingen: Hogrefe )

    Google Scholar 

  • Schroeder, S., Hawk, B., Otto, D., Mushak, P. and Hicks, R. (1985) Separating the effects of lead and social factors on IQ. Environ. Res., 38, 144–154

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tewes, U. (1983) HAWIK-R. Hamburg Wechsler Intelligenztest für Kinder. Revision 1983. Handbuch und Testanweisung. (Bern u.A. Huber )

    Google Scholar 

  • Winneke, G. (1986) The effects of lead: animal studies, in: Lansdown, R. and Yule, W. (eds), The Lead Debate: the environment, toxicology and child health, ( London-Sydney: Croom Helm )

    Google Scholar 

  • Winneke, G., Hrdina, K.G. and Brockhaus, A. (1982) Neuropsychological studies in children with elevated tooth lead-levels. I. Pilot study using a pair-matching approach. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health, 51, 169–183

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Winneke, G., Krämer, U., Brockhaus, A., Ewers, U., Kujanek, G; Lechner, H. and Janke, W. (1983) Neuropsychological studies in children with elevated tooth lead-levels. II. Extended study. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health, 51, 231–252

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Winneke, G., Beginn, U., Ewert, T., Havestadt, C., Krämer, U., Krause, C., Thron, H.L. and Wagner, H.M. (1985) Comparing the effects of perinatal and later childhood lead exposure on neuropsychological outcome. Environ. Res., 38, 155–167

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. G. Winneke
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. W. Collet
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. U. Krämer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. A. Brockhaus
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. T. Ewert
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. C. Krause
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Child Psychiatry, Institute of Child Health Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London, UK

    M. A. Smith

  2. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office Office of Health and Environment Assessment US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, 27711, NC, USA

    L. D. Grant (Director) (Director)

  3. Environment Research Programme, Commission of the European Communities, Rue de la Loi 200, B-1049, Brussels, Belgium

    A. I. Sors (Directorate-General for Science, Research and Development) (Directorate-General for Science, Research and Development)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1989 ECSC-EEC-EAEC, Brussels — Luxembourg; EPA, USA

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Winneke, G., Collet, W., Krämer, U., Brockhaus, A., Ewert, T., Krause, C. (1989). Follow-up Studies in Lead-Exposed Children. In: Smith, M.A., Grant, L.D., Sors, A.I. (eds) Lead Exposure and Child Development. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0847-5_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0847-5_14

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-6868-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-0847-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation