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Co-existence and co-function

  • Chapter
The Comparative Physiology of Regulatory Peptides

Abstract

The role of chemical transmission in the signalling between neurones and their target cells is now largely taken for granted. Until recently, the number of chemicals thought to be neurotransmitters, or potential neurotransmitters, was relatively small. In the peripheral autonomic nervous system, most neurotransmission could be ascribed to the release of acetylcholine, noradrenaline (or in some cases, adrenaline), or a non-adrenergic non-cholinergic ‘third’ transmitter, whose identity was unknown (Campbell, 1970, 1987; Furness et al, 1987a). Over the last ten years, however, immunohistochemical and biochemical techniques have revealed that very many different substances, which may act as neurotransmitters, are found within the nervous system. Prominent among these substances are the neuropeptides, which are still being discovered and characterized at a rapid rate. It was quickly apparent that some neuropeptides, such as somatostatin (SST), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and enkephalin occurred in neurones which were already known to be noradrenergic or cholinergic (Hökfelt et al., 1977a; Di Giulio et al., 1978; Schultzberg et al., 1978, 1979; Glazer and Basbaum, 1980; Lundberg et al., 1980, 1982b; Wilson et al., 1980; Lundberg, 1981). Now it is rapidly becoming accepted that individual neurones may contain several different potential neurotransmitters, especially neuropeptides. Many aspects of the co-existence of regulatory peptides in vertebrate and invertebrate neurones have been reviewed extensively (Chan-Palay and Palay, 1984; Hökfelt et al., 1986).

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Gibbins, I.L. (1989). Co-existence and co-function. In: Holmgren, S. (eds) The Comparative Physiology of Regulatory Peptides. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0835-2_13

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