Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

The Chemistry of Antitumour Agents pp 63–130Cite as

Alkylating agents

  • Chapter

Abstract

In 1962, Ross1 defined a biological alkylating agent as a compound which can replace a hydrogen atom by an alkyl group under physiological conditions (pH 7.0–7.4, 37°C, aqueous solution).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. W. C. J. Ross, in Biological Alkylating Agents, Butterworths, London (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  2. S. E. Jones, Cancer Treat. Rep. 66 (1982) 847.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. D. L. Hill, in A Review of Cyclophosphamide, Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, IL (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  4. R. L. Comis, Cancer Treat. Rep. 60 (1976) 165.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Proceedings of the 6th New Drug Seminar: DTIC, Cancer Treat. Rep. 60 (1976) 123.

    Google Scholar 

  6. D. C. Tormey, G. Falkson, E. Perlin, J. Bull. J. Blom and M. E. Lippman, Cancer Treat. Rep. 60 (1976) 1593.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. D. E. Johnson, W. W. Scott, R. P. Gibons, G. R. Prout, J. D. Schmidt, T. M. Chu, J. Gaeta, I. Saroff and G. P. Murphy, Cancer Treat. Rep. 61 (1977).319.

    Google Scholar 

  8. W. P. Brade, G. A. Nagel and S. Seeler, in Ifosfamide in Tumor Therapy, Karger, Basel (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  9. M. Zalupki and L. H. Baker, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 80 (1988) 556.

    Google Scholar 

  10. J. W. Keller, W. H. Knospe and C. M. Huguley, Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res., ASCO 17 (1976) 280.

    Google Scholar 

  11. EORTC Brain Tumor Group, Eur. J. Cancer 12 (1976) 41

    Google Scholar 

  12. T. H. Wasserman, M. Slavik and S. K. Carter, Cancer Treat. Rev. 1 (1974) 131.

    Google Scholar 

  13. R. B. Livingston, L. Heilbrun, D. Lehane, et al. , Cancer Treat. Rep. 61 (1977) 1623

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. E.C. Vonderheid, E. J. van Scott, P. E. Wallner and W. C. Johnson, Cancer Treat. Rep. 63 (1979) 681.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. R. K. Furner and R. K. Brown, Cancer Treat. Rep. 64 (1980) 559.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Medical Research Council, Br. Med. J. 1 (1968) 201.

    Google Scholar 

  17. S. T. Crooke and W. T. Bradner, Cancer Treat. Rev. 3 (1976) 121.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. B. L. Trantum, A. Haut and S. Rivkin, Cancer 35 (1975) 1153.

    Google Scholar 

  19. National Bladder Cancer Collaborative Group, Cancer Res. 37 (1977) 2916

    Google Scholar 

  20. R. D. Hard, M. Perloff and J. F. Holland, Cancer 48 (1981) 1522.

    Google Scholar 

  21. N. Brock, ‘Experimental basis of cancer chemotherapy’, in Chemotherapy, Vol. 7, Plenum Press, New York (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  22. U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP-85 002) (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  23. P. D. Lawley, ‘Chemical carcinogens’, ACS Monograph 182, Vol. I, ed. C.E. Searle, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  24. S. A. Little and P. E. Mirkes, Cancer Res. 47 (1987) 5421.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. W. C. J. Ross,Adv. Cancer Res. 1 (1953) 397.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. T. J. Bardos, E. F. Chmielewicz and P. Hebborn, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 163 (1969) 1006.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. K. W. Kohn, L. C. Erickson, G. Laurent, J. M. Ducore, N. A. Sharkey and R. A. G. Ewig, in Nitrosoureas, Current Status and New Developments, ed. W. Prestayo, S.T. Crooke, S.K. Karter and P.S. Schein, Academic Press, New York (1981) p. 69.

    Google Scholar 

  28. W. Davis and W. C. J. Ross, J. Med. Chem. 8 (1965) 787.

    Google Scholar 

  29. T. J. Bardos, N. Datta-Gupta, P. Hebborn and D. J. Triggle, J. Med. Chem. 8 (1965) 167.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. C. C. Price, G. M. Gaucher, P. Koneru, R. Shibakawa, J. R. Sowa and M. Yamaguki, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 163 (1969) 593.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. R. A. Sneen and J. W. J. Larson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 91 (1969) 362.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. G. H. Howie, P. E. Manni and J. M. Cassidy, J. Med. Chem. 17 (1974) 840.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. P. J. Stang and W. L. Treptow, J. Med. Chem. 24 (1981) 468.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. J. A. Haines, C. B. Reese and T. Lord, J. Chem. Soc. (1964) 1406.

    Google Scholar 

  35. J. A. Montgomery, R. James, G. S. McCaleb, M. C. Kirk and T. P. Johnstone, J. Med. Chem.18 (1975) 568.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. R. P. Bundrett, J. W. Cowens, M. Colvin and J. Jardine, J. Med. Chem. 19 (1976) 958.

    Google Scholar 

  37. A. G. Ogston, Trans. Faraday Soc. 44 (1948) 45.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. A. Streitweiser,Chem. Rev. 56 (1956) 571.

    Google Scholar 

  39. E. E. Williamson and B. Witten, Cancer Res. 27 (1967) 33.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. F. Badea, in Reaction Mechanisms in Organic Chemistry, ed. Stiintifica, Bucharest (1971) p. 132.

    Google Scholar 

  41. V.A. Levin, J. Med. Chem. 23 (1980) 682.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. W.L. Petty, P.L. Nichols, Jr., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 76 (1954) 4385.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. M. Yoshimoto, H. Miyazawa and H. Nakao, J. Med. Chem. 22 (1979) 491.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. K. Sugiura, T. Kumura and M. Goto, Mutat. Res. 58 (1978) 159.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. C.G. Swain and C.B. Scott, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 75 (1953) 141.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. N. Brock, Cancer Treat. Rep. 60 (1976) 301.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. D. Godeneche, J.C. Madelmont, M.F. Moreau, et al, Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 5 (1980) 1.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. N. Brock and H.J. Hohorst, Z. Krebsforsch. 88 (1977) 185.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. W.G. Peng, V.E. Marquez and J.S. Driscoll, J. Med. Chem. 18 (1975) 846.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. B.L. van Duren and B.M. Goldschmidt, J. Med. Chem. 9 (1966) 77.

    Google Scholar 

  51. B.F. Cain and W.A. Denny, J. Med. Chem. 20 (1977) 515.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. C.P. Spears, Mol. Pharmacol. 19 (1981) 496.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. T.P. Johnstone and J.A. Montgomery, Cancer Treat. Rep. 70 (1986) 13.

    Google Scholar 

  54. I. Niculescu-Duvaz, G. Botez and A. Serban, Neoplasma 17 (1970) 143.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. A. Cambanis, V. Dobre and I. Niculescu-Duvaz, J. Med. Chem. 12 (1969) 161.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. I. Niculescu-Duvaz, M. Rotaru, V. Feyns and O. Maior, Rev. Roum. Chim, 18 (1973) 1617.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. J. Epstein, R.W. Rosenthal and R.J. Ess., Anal. Chem. 27 (1955) 1435.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. E. Sawicki and C.R. Sawicki, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 163 (1969) 895.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. E. Sawicki, D.F. Bender, T.R. Hauser, R.M. Wilson and J.E. Meeker, Anal. Chem. 35 (1963) 1479.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. G.P. Wheeler, B.J. Bowdon and J.A. Grimsley, Cancer Res. 34 (1974) 194.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. O.M. Friedman and E. Borger, Anal. Chem. 33 (1961) 906.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. I. Niculescu-Duvaz, G. Stihi, T. Craescu and Z. Simon, Neoplasma 27 (1980) 271.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. A. Panthananikal, C. Hansch, A. Leo and F.R. Quin, J. Med. Chem. 21 (1978) 16.

    Google Scholar 

  64. C.G. Swain, R.B. Moseley and D.E. Brown, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 11 (1955) 3731.

    Google Scholar 

  65. R.G. Pearson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 85 (1963) 3533.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. R.G. Pearson and J.Songstadt, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 89 (1967) 1827.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. R. G. Pearson, in Hard and Soft Acids and Bases, Dowden Hutchison and Ross, Strousburg, Pennsylvania (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  68. G. Klopman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 90 (1968) 223.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. T.L. Ho, in Hard and Soft Acids and Bases Principle in Organic Chemistry, Academic Press, New York, San Francisco, London (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  70. G.A. Olah, E.B. Baker and J.C. Evans, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 86 (1964) 1360.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. A. Pullman and B. Pullman, Int. J. Quant. Chem. 1 (1980) 245.

    Google Scholar 

  72. C.C. Price, G.M. Gaucher and P. Konaru, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 166 (1968) 327.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. R.O. Rahn, R.G. Schulman and J.W. Longworth, J. Chem. Phys. 45 (1965) 2955.

    Google Scholar 

  74. B. Singer, Prog. Nucleic Acid. Res. Mol. Biol. 15 (1975) 219.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. R. Lavery, A. Pullman and B. Pullman, Nucleic Acids Res. 8 (1980) 1061.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. B. Singer, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 2 (1977) 1279.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. W.J. Bodell, K. Tokuda and D.B. Ludlum, Cancer Res. 48 (1988) 4489.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. M.R. Osborne, in ‘Chemical carcinogens’, 2nd edn., ACS Monograph 182, ed. C.E. Seale, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  79. K. W. Kohn, in Molecular Actions and Targets for Chemotherapeutic Agents, eds. A.C. Sartorelli, J.S. Lazlo and J.R. Bertino, Academic Press, New York (1981) p. 3.

    Google Scholar 

  80. P.D. Lawley and P. Brookes, Biochem. J. 89 (1963) 127.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. J.J. McCann, T.M. Lo and D.A. Webster, Cancer Res. 31 (1971) 1573.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. J.D. Gralla, S. Sasse-Dwight and L.G. Poljak, Cancer Res. 47 (1987) 5092

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. L.A. Zwelling and K.W. Kohn, Cancer Treat. Rep. 63 (1979) 1439.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. M. Thomasz, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 213 (1970) 299.

    Google Scholar 

  85. W.P. Tong and D.B. Ludlum, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 608 (1980) 174.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. K. Yamaguki, T. Tanabe and M. Kinoshita, J. Org. Chem. 41 (1976) 3691.

    Google Scholar 

  87. E. Institoris, Chem.-Biol Interact. 35 (1981) 207.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. J. Doskocil and Z. Sormova, Z. Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 30 (1965) 481.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. W.G. Verley and L. Brakier, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 174 (1969) 674.

    Google Scholar 

  90. E. Harbers, P. Warnecke, H. Hollandt and K. Kruze, Z. Krebsforsch. 88 (1977) 237.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. K.D. Tew and D.M. Taylor, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 58 (1977) 1413.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. E.G. Trams, M.V. Nadkarni and P.K. Smith, Cancer Res. 21 (1961) 560.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. J. Hansson, R. Lewensohn, U. Ringborg and B. Nilsson, Cancer Res. 47 (1987) 2631.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. W.E. Ross, R.A.G. Ewig and K.W. Kohn, Cancer Res. 38 (1978) 1502.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. E.H.L. Chun, L. Gonzales, I.S. Lewis, J. Jones and R.J. Rutman, Cancer Res. 29 (1969) 1184.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. R. Chen, J.J. Mieyal and D.A. Goldthwait, Carcinogenesis 2 (1981) 73.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. K. Hemminki, Chem.-Biol. Interact. 34 (1981) 323.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. T.P. Brent, S.O. Lestrud, D.G. Smith and J.S. Remack, Cancer Res. 47 (1987) 3384.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. J.A. Alexander, B.J. Bowdon and G.P. Wheeler, Cancer Res. 46 (1986) 6024.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. W.P. Tong and D.B. Ludlum, Cancer Res. 41 (1981) 380.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. W.P. Tong, M.C. Kirk and D.B. Ludlum, Cancer Res. 42 (1982) 3102.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. J.L. Skibba and G.T. Bryan,Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 18 (1971) 707.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. W.P. Tong, M.C. Kirk and D.B. Ludlum, Biochem. Pharmacol. 32 (1983) 2011.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. K. Hemminki and D.B. Ludlum, J. Natl. Cancer. Inst. 37 (1984) 1021.

    Google Scholar 

  105. J.J. Roberts, T.P. Brent and A.R. Crathorn, Eur. J. Cancer 1 (1971) 515.

    Google Scholar 

  106. Y.E.M. Chaw, L.E. Crane, P. Lange and R. Shapiro, Biochemistry 19 (1980) 5525.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. N. Brock, J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 111 (1986) 1

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. D. Schmahl and H. Druckerey, Naturwissenschaften 43 (1956) 199.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. G. Weber, Cancer Res. 43 (1983) 3466.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. V.F. Shealey, C.A. Krauth and W.L. Laster, J. Med. Chem. 27 (1984) 664.

    Google Scholar 

  111. L.M. Cobb, T.A. Connors, L.A. Elson, A.H. Khan, B.C.V. Mitchley, W.C.J. Ross and M.E. Whissen, Biochem. Pharmacol. 18 (1969) 1519.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. M. Rodriguez, J.L. Imach and J. Martinez, J. Med. Chem. 27 (1984) 1222.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. K.K. Misiura, R.W. Kinas, V.J. Stec, H. Kusnierczyk, C. Radzikowski and A. Sanoda, J. Med. Chem. 31 (1988) 226.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. H. Druckerey, Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. 77 (1952) 1534.

    Google Scholar 

  115. A.M. Seligman, M.M. Nachlas and L.H. Manheimer, Ann. Surg. 130 (1948) 333.

    Google Scholar 

  116. R.J. Knox, M.P. Boland, F. Friedlos, B. Coles, C. Southan and J.J. Roberts, Biochem. Pharmacol. 37 (1988) 4671.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. T.S. Lin, B.A. Teicher and A.C. Sartorelli, J. Med. Chem. 23 (1980) 1237.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. K. Krowicki, J. Balzarini, E. de Clercq, R.A. Newman and J.W. Lown, J. Med. Chem. 31 (1988) 341.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. P.N. Confalone, E.M. Huie, S.S. Ko and G.M. Cole, J. Med. Chem. 31 (1988) 482.

    Google Scholar 

  120. M.E. Dona, A.E. Pegg, N.K. Hora and L.C. Ericson, Cancer Res. 48 (1988) 3603.

    Google Scholar 

  121. N. Brock, J. Pohl, J. Stelar and W. Scheef, Eur. J. Cancer Clin. Oncol. 18 (1982) 1377.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. W. Doppler, J. Hofmann, K. Maly and H.H. Grunicke, Cancer Res. 48 (1988) 2454.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. N. Bodor and J.J. Kaminski, J. Med. Chem. 23 (1980) 566.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. M. Szekerke, R. Wade and M.E. Whisson, Neoplasma 19 (1972) 199.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. V.T. Oliverio, Cancer Treat. Rep. 60 (1960) 703.

    Google Scholar 

  126. A. Leo, C. Hansch and D. Elkins, Chem. Rev. 71 (1977) 929.

    Google Scholar 

  127. I. Niculescu-Duvaz and I. Baracu, Cancer Treat. Rep. 61 (1977) 929.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. C. Hansch, R.N. Smith, R. Engle and H. Wood, Cancer Chemother. Rep. 56, (1972) 443.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. J.A. Montgomery, J.G. Mayo and C. Hansch, J. Med. Chem. 17 (1974) 477.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. M.T. Hakala, in Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Vol. XXXVIII/1, New Series, eds. A.C. Sartorelli and D.C. Johns, Springer-Verlag, Brlin, New-York, (1974) p. 240.

    Google Scholar 

  131. U. Draeger and H.J. Hohorst, Cancer Treat. Rep. 60 (1976) 423.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. A. Begleiter, H.Y. Lam, J. Grover, E. Froese and G.J. Goldenberg, Cancer Res. 39 (1979) 353.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. A. Begleiter, E. Froese and G.J. Goldenberg, Cancer Lett. 10 (1980) 243.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. M. Szekerke, Cancer Treat. Rep. 60 (1976) 347.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. NN. Preobrazhenskaia, in Method of Development of New Anticancer Drugs, USA-USSR, Monography, ed. NCI, Bethesda, MD (1977) p. 195.

    Google Scholar 

  136. L.A. Elson, Biochem. Pharmacol. 5 (1960) 192.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. L.H. Schmidt, R. Franklin, R. Sullivan and A. Flowers, Cancer Chemother. Rep. Suppl. 2, Parts I, II and III (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  138. T.S. Lin, P.H. Fisher and W.H. Prusoff, J. Med. Chem. 23 (1980) 1235.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. A. Okruzek and J.G. Verkade, J. Med. Chem. 22 (1979) 882.

    Google Scholar 

  140. J. Raus, H. Martens and G. Leclercq, in Cytotoxic Estrogen in Hormone Receptive Tumors, Academic Press, London, New York (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  141. I. Niculescu-Duvaz, Oncologia (Bucharest) 18 (1979) 161.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. R.G. Rao and C.C. Price, J. Org. Chem. 27 (1962) 205.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. M. Wall, F.I. Abernathy, F.I. Caroll and D.J. Taylor, J. Med. Chem. 12 (1969) 810.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. E. Cioranescu and D. Raileanu, Stud. Cercet. Chim. 10 (1962) 295.

    Google Scholar 

  145. T.F. Nogrady, K.M. Vagi and V.M. Adamkiewicz, Can. J. Chem. 40 (1962) 2126.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. I. Niculescu-Duvaz, A. Cambanis and E. Tarnauceanu, J. Med. Chem. 10.(1967) 172.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. H.J. Fex, K.B. Hogberg and I. Konyves, Ger. Patent 2,001,305 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  148. B. Lam, J. Med. Chem. 22 (1979) 200.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. B. Forsgren, B. Hogberg, J.A. Gustawsson and A. Pousette, Acta Pharm. Sued. 15(1978) 23.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. E.P. Wollmer, D.J. Taylor, I.J. Masnik, et al Cancer Chemother. Rep. 4 (1973) 121.

    Google Scholar 

  151. L. Brandt, J. Konwes and T.R. Moller, Acta Med. Scand. 197 (1975) 317.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. I. Niculescu-Duvaz, I. Elian and T. Craescu, Oncologia (Bucharest), 18 (1979) 243

    Google Scholar 

  153. R. Bucourt, M. Vignau, V. Torelli, et al. , J. Biol. Chem. 253 (1978) 8221.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. H. Hamascher and E. Christ, Arzneim-Forsch./Drug Res. 33 (1983) 347.

    Google Scholar 

  155. V.C. Jordan, L. Fenik, R.E. Allen, R.C. Cotton, D. Richardson, A.L. Walpole and J. Bowler, Eur. J. Cancer. 17 (1981) 193

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. H. Hamacher and C. Mangold, Arch. Pharm. 316 (1983) 271.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. A.H. Soloway, I. Agranat. A.R. Chase, et al. , J. Med. Chem. 17 (1974) 918

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. A.H. Soloway, J.E. Wright, V. Subranmanyani and J.J. Gozzo, J. Med. Chem. 20 (1977) 1357.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. T. Ghose, A.H. Blair, P. Uadia, P.N. Kulkarni, A. Goundalkar, M. Mezei and S. Ferrone, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 446 (1985) 213.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. W.C.J. Ross, Chem.-Biol. Interact. 10 (1975) 169.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. A.H. Blair and T. Ghose, J. Immunol. Methods 59 (1983) 129.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  162. I. Berenblum, J. Pathol. Bacteriol. 34 (1931) 731.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  163. E. Gason, H. Mcl. Combie, A.H. Williams and F.N. Woodward, J. Chem. Soc. (1948) 44.

    Google Scholar 

  164. W. Davis, W.C.J. Ross, J. Med. Chem. 8 (1965) 757.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  165. W.C.J. Ross, J. Chem. Soc. (1949) 183.

    Google Scholar 

  166. A. Gilman and R.S. Philips, Science 103 (1946) 409.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. I. Vargha, L. Toldy, O. Feher and S. Lendvai, J. Chem. Soc. (1957) 805.

    Google Scholar 

  168. V.A. Mikhalev, Khim.-Farm. Zh. 6 (1972) 9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. V.S. Ghandi and E. Schwenk, Indian J. Chem. 39 (1962) 306.

    Google Scholar 

  170. S. Fabrician, M. de Nardo, C. Nisi, L. Morasca, E. Dolfini and G. Franchi, J. Chem. Soc. 19 (1976) 639.

    Google Scholar 

  171. M.A. Khaled, R.D. Morin, F. Benington and J.P. Daugherty, Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 13 (1984) 73.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. J.J. Everett, J.J. Roberts and W.C.J. Ross, J. Chem. Soc. (1953) 2386.

    Google Scholar 

  173. M. Jarman, L.J. Griggs and M.J. Tisdale, J. Med. Chem. 17 (1974) 194.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. F. Bergel and J.A. Stock, Br. Emp. Cancer Comp. Annu. Rep. 31 (1953) 6.

    Google Scholar 

  175. L.F. Larionov, E.N. Shkodinskaia, N.I. Troosheikina, A.S. Khokhlov, O.S. Vasina and M.A. Novikova, Lancet ii (1955) 169.

    Google Scholar 

  176. F. Fukuoka and Y. Shirasu, Gann 52 (1961) 191.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  177. L.F. Larionov, Cancer Res. 21 (1961) 99.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  178. S.L. Gurina, R.K. Batulina, L.V. Alekseeva and L.V. Pushkareva, Khim. Geterotsikl. Soedin. (1968) 431.

    Google Scholar 

  179. L.P. Rateikene, M.I. Dagene and I.L. Knuniants, Usp. Khim. 39 (1970) 1537.

    Google Scholar 

  180. A. de Barbieri, P. Di Vittorio and M. Maugeri, Proceedings of the 6th International Congress of Chemotherapy (Tokyo (1970) vol. 2, p. 146

    Google Scholar 

  181. W.E. Grose, M. Burgess and G.P. Bodey, Cancer. Treat. Rep. 63 (1979) 385.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  182. De Barbieri, Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 56565 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  183. M.J. Yagi, M. Zanjani, J.F. Holland and G.J. Bekesi, Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 12 (1984) 88.

    Google Scholar 

  184. I. Niculescu-Duvaz, V. Feyns, V. Savaniu, M. Ionescu and A. Cambanis, Rev. Roum. Chim. 14 (1969) 535.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  185. I. Niculescu-Duvaz, M. Ionescu, A. Cambanis, M. Vitan and V. Feyns, J. Med. Chem. 11 (1968) 500.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  186. I. Niculescu-Duvaz, V. Feyns and V. Dobre, Cancer Treat. Rep. 62 (1978) 2045.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  187. I. Niculescu-Duvaz, A. Toma, M. Rotaru, D. Ionescu, I. Baracu, G. Botez, E. Tarnauceanu and V. Dobre, Rev. Roum. Chim. 24 (1979) 5583.

    Google Scholar 

  188. J.A. Montgomery, Handb. Exp. Pharmakol. 38 (1974) 97.

    Google Scholar 

  189. L.F. Larionov and G.N. Platonova, Vopr. Onkol. 1 (1955) 36.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  190. F.I. Caroll, A. Philip, T.J. Blackwell, D.J. Taylor and M. Wohl, J. Med. Chem. 15 (1972)1158.

    Google Scholar 

  191. P. Dalmases, G. Gervantes, J. Quintana, J.J. Bonet, A. Giner-Sorola and F.A. Schimid, Eur. J. Med. Chem. Chim. Ther. 19 (1984) 465.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  192. I. Elian, D. Ionescu, E. Tarnauceanu, I. Niculescu-Duvaz, G. Leclercq and N. Dewleeshower, Eur. J. Med. Chem. Ther. 18 (1983) 385.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  193. O.M. Friedman and A.M. Seligman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 76 (1954) 655.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  194. H. Arnold and F. Bourseaux, Angew. Chem. 70 (1958) 539.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  195. P.J. Cox, P.B. Farmer, A.B. Foster, E.D. Gilby and M. Jarman, Cancer Treat. Rep 60 (1976) 483.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  196. Sociedad Espaniola Especialidades Farmaco-Terapeutics Span. ES 526.194 (1985) (Chemical Abstracts 107 (1987) 7385).

    Google Scholar 

  197. G. Lavielle and C. Cudennec, Fr. Patent FR 2567129 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  198. R.F. Struck, Cancer. Treat. Rep 60 (1976) 317.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  199. A. Takamizawa, S. Matsumoto, T. Iwata, I. Tochino, K. Katagiri, K. Yamaguchi and O. Shiratori, J. Med. Chem. 18 (1975) 376.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  200. O.M. Friedman, I. Wodinsky and A. Myles, Cancer Treat. Rep. 60 (1976) 337.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  201. A. Takamizawa, S. Matsumoto, T. Iwata, I. Makino, K. Yamaguchi, N. Uchida, A. Kasai, O. Shiratori and S. Takase, J. Med. Chem. 21 (1978) 208.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  202. J. Van Der Steen, E.C. Timmer, J.G. Westra and C. Benckhuysen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 95 (1973) 7535.

    Google Scholar 

  203. A. Takamizawa, S. Matsumoto, T. Iwata, I. Makino, K. Yamaguchi, N. Uchida, H. Kasai, O. Shirartori and S.J. Takase, J. Med. Chem. 17 (1974) 1237.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  204. A. Takamizawa, T. Iwata, K. Yamaguchi, O. Shiratori, M. Haraka, Y. Tochino and S. Matsumoto, Cancer Treat. Rep. 60 (1976) 361.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  205. R.F. Struck, M.C. Thorpe,W.C. Coburn and W.R. Laster, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 96 (1974) 313.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  206. G. Peter, T. Wagner and H.J. Hohorst, Cancer Treat. Rep. 60 (1976) 429.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  207. G. Scheffer, U. Niameyer, N. Brock and R. Pohl, Ger. Offen. DE 3.220.432 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  208. R.F. Struck, D.J. Dykes, T.H. Corbett, W.J. Suling and M.W. Trader, Br. J. Cancer 47 (1983) 15.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  209. M. Jarman, R.A.V. Milsted, J.F. Smyth, R.W. Kinas, K. Pankiewicz and W.J. Stec, Cancer Res. 39 (1979) 2762.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  210. K. Pankiewicz, R.W. Kinas, W.J. Stec, A.B. Foster, M. Jarman and J.M.S. Van Maanen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 101 (1979), 7712.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  211. G. Blaschke and P. Hilgard, Arzneim.-Forsch. 36 (1986) 1493.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  212. H. Kusnierczyk, C. Radzikowski, M. Paprocka, W. Budzynski, R. Kinas, K. Misiura and W. Stec, J. Immunopharmacol. 8 (1986) 455.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  213. W.N. Setzer, A.E. Sopchik and W.G. Bentrude, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 107 (1985) 2083.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  214. V.L. Boyd, G. Zon, V. Hinus, J.K. Stalick, A.D. Mighell and H.V. Secor, J. Med. Chem. 23 (1980) 372.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  215. S.M. Ludeman, G. Zon and W. Egon, J. Med. Chem. 22 (1979) 151.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  216. A.B. Foster, M. Jarman, R.W. Kinas, J.M.S. Van Maanen and G.N. Taylor, J. Med. Chem. 24 (1981) 1399.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  217. H. Zimmel and D. Bocancea, Neoplasma 21 (1974) 583.

    Google Scholar 

  218. I. Niculescu-Duvaz, I. Elian, M. Ionescu and E. Tarnauceanu, J. Prakt. Chem. 321 (1979) 522.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  219. E. Grant and I. Niculescu-Duvaz, Can. J. Chem. 43 (1965) 1227

    Google Scholar 

  220. I. Niculescu-Duvaz, V. Feyns, E. Grant and E. Tarnauceanu, Can. J. Chem. 44 (1966) 1102.

    Google Scholar 

  221. D. Raileanu and E. Cioranescu, Stud. Cercet. Chim. 11 (1965) 433.

    Google Scholar 

  222. A.H. El Masry, V.C. Braun, C.J. Niessen and W.B. Pratt, J. Med. Chem. 20 (1977) 1134.

    Google Scholar 

  223. Y.F. Shealey, C.A. Krauth and J.A. Montgomery, J. Org. Chem. 27 (1962) 2150.

    Google Scholar 

  224. Y.T. Ling, T.L. Loo, S. Vadlamudi and A. Goldin, J. Med. Chem. 15 (1972) 201.

    Google Scholar 

  225. T. Giraldi, T. Nisi, T.A. Connors and P.M. Goddard, J. Med. Chem. 20 (1977) 850.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  226. Y.F. Shealy, J. Pharm. Sci. 59 (1970) 1533.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  227. M.F.G. Stevens, J.A. Hickman, R. Stone, N.W. Gibson, G.U. Baig, E. Lunt and C.G. Newton, J. Med. Chem. 27 (1984) 196

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  228. C.J. Brindley, P. Antoniu and E.S. Newlands, Br. J. Cancer 53 (1986) 91.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  229. R.H. Smith Jr., A.F. Mehl, D.L. Shantz, G.N. Chmurny and C.J. Michejda, J. Org. Chem. 53 (1988) 1467.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  230. J. Wenker, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 57 (1935) 2328

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  231. Ullmann’s Encyklopddie der Techn. Chem 3 (1953) 463.

    Google Scholar 

  232. R.C. Tsou, D. Bender, N.L. Santora, L. David and S. Damle, J. Med. Chem. 19 (1976) 806.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  233. L. Gutierrez, M. Konieczny and G. Sosnovsky, Z. Naturforsch. B 36B (1981) 1622.

    Google Scholar 

  234. T.T.S. Safonova, Zh. Vses. Khim. Ora. 18 (1973) 657.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  235. T.J. Bardos and M.E. Perlman, US Patent 4617.398 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  236. J.S. Driscoll, G.F. Hazard, H.B. Wood and A. Goldin, Cancer Chemother. Rep. Part 2 4 (1974) 1. 225. W. Gaus, Ber. 91 (1958), 2216.

    Google Scholar 

  237. W. Gaus and S. Petersen, Angew. Chem. 69 (1957) 252.

    Google Scholar 

  238. A.H. Khan and J.S. Driscoll, J. Med. Chem. 19 (1976) 313.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  239. F. Chou, A.H. Khan and J.S. Driscoll, J. Med. Chem. 19 (1976) 1302.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  240. H. Nakao and M. Arakawa, Chem. Pharm. Bull. 20 (1972) 1962

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  241. H. Nakao, M. Arakawa and T. Nakamura, Chem. Pharm. Bull. 20 (1972) 1968.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  242. K. Wallenfals and Y. Draber, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 667 (1963) 55

    Google Scholar 

  243. A.N. Makarova, V.S. Martinov and A. YA. Berlin, Zh. Obshch. Khim. 33 (1963) 1643.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  244. P.L. Gutierez, S. Biswall, R. Nardino and N. Biswall, Cancer Res. 46 (1986) 5779.

    Google Scholar 

  245. W.E. Emmons and A.V. Ferris, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 75 (1983) 2207.

    Google Scholar 

  246. G.M. Timmis, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 68 (1958) 727.

    Google Scholar 

  247. Y. Sakurai and M.M. El-Merzabani, Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo), 12 (1965) 954.

    Google Scholar 

  248. B.F. Cain and W.A. Denny, J. Med. Chem. 20 (1976) 515.

    Google Scholar 

  249. J.S. Sandberg, H.B. Wood, R.R. Engle, J.M. Venditti and A. Goldin, Cancer Chemother. Rep. Part 2 30 (1972) 137.

    Google Scholar 

  250. A. Haddow, G.M. Timmis and B.B. Brown, Nature 182 (1958) 1164.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  251. A. Vargha and J. Kuszmann, Naturwissenschaften 46 (1959) 84.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  252. L. Vargha and T. Horvath, Nature 183 (1959) 394.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  253. L. Vargha and T. Horvath, Extract de Acta Union Internationale contra Cancer XX (1964) 76.

    Google Scholar 

  254. Y.F. Shealy, C.A. Krauth and W.R. Laster, J. Med. Chem. 27 (1984) 664

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  255. N.W. Gibson, J.A. Hartley, J.M. Strong and K.W. Kohn, Cancer Res. 46 (1986) 553

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  256. N.W. Gibson, J.A. Hartley and K.W. Kohn, Cancer Res. 46 (1986) 1679.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  257. L.A. Elson, M. Jarman and W.C.J. Ross, Eur. J. Cancer 4 (1968) 617.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  258. L. Vidra, L. Institoris and S. Somfal-Relle, Proc. Int. Congr. Chemother. 13 (1983) 284/106.

    Google Scholar 

  259. M. Budnowski. Angew. Chem. 7 (1968) 827.

    Google Scholar 

  260. G. Attassi, F. Spreafico, P. Dumont, P. Nayer and J. Klastersky, Eur. J. Cancer 16 (1980) 1561.

    Google Scholar 

  261. H. Wagner, K. Possinger, K. Bremer, R. Donhujsen-Ant, M. Peukert and W. Queisser, Cancer Treat. Rep. 71 (1987) 209.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  262. T.S. Lin, B.A. Teicher, and A.C. Sartorelli, J. Med. Chem. 23 (1980) 1237.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  263. A.J. Lin, C.W. Shanky and A.C. Sartorelli, J. Med. Chem. 17 (1974) 558.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  264. A.J. Lin, R.S. Pardini, B.J. Lillis and A.C. Sartorelli, J. Med. Chem. 17 (1974) 668.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  265. I. Wilson, P. Wardman, T.S. Lin and A.C. Sartorelli, Chem.-Biol. Interact. 61 (1987) 229.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  266. M.H. Holshouser, L.J. Loeffer and I.H. Hall, J. Med. Chem. 24 (1981) 854.

    Google Scholar 

  267. I. Natonini, F. Claudi, G. Cristalli, P. Franchetti, M. Grifantini and S. Martelli, J. Med. Chem. 31 (1988) 260.

    Google Scholar 

  268. H.W. Moore, R. Czerniak and A. Hamdan, Drug Exp. Clin. Res. 12 (1986) 475.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  269. S.E. Jones, W.G. Tucker, A. Haut, B.L. Tranum, C. Vaughn, E.M. Chase and B.G.M. Durie, Cancer Treat. Rep. 61 (1977) 1617.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  270. A. Hagenbeek and A.C.M. Martens, Cancer Treat. Rep. 65 (1981) 975.

    Google Scholar 

  271. H.B.A. Shape, E.O. Field and K. Hellman, Nature 226 (1970) 524.

    Google Scholar 

  272. F.M. Schabel Jr., M.W. Trader, W.R. Laster, S.C. Shaddix and R.W. Brockman, Cancer Treat. Rep. 60 (1976) 1325.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  273. J.F. Conroy, J.A. Blessing, A. Kessinger and H.D. Homesley, Cancer Treat. Rep. (1984) 439.

    Google Scholar 

  274. A.M. Greighton, K. Hellman and S. Whitecross, Nature 222 (1969) 384.

    Google Scholar 

  275. C.O. Gitterman, E.L. Rikes, D.E. Donald, J. Madas, S.B. Zimmerman, T.S. Stoudt and T.C. Denny, J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 23 (1970) 305.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  276. B.H. Arison and J.L. Beck, Tetrahedron 29 (1973) 2743.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  277. R.W. Brockman, S.C. Shaddix, M. Williams and R.F. Struck, Cancer Treat. Rep. 60 (1976) 1317.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  278. S.M. Ludeman, G. Zon and W. Egon, J. Med. Chem. 22 (1979) 151.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  279. R.F. Pittillo, C. Wooley, L.S. Rice and R.W. Brockman, Cancer Chemother. Rep. 55 (1971) 47.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  280. R.V. Brockman, Cancer Res. 7 (1963) 129

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  281. G.B. Linvingstone, J.M. Venditti and D.A. Cooney,Adv.Pharmacol. Chemother. 8 (1970) 57.

    Google Scholar 

  282. L.R. Duvall, Cancer Chemother. Rep. 1 (1960) 65.

    Google Scholar 

  283. H.S. Liija, E.T. Kulmann and J.D. Yager, Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res., ASCO 19 (1978) 174.

    Google Scholar 

  284. N.M. Emanuel, N.P. Knovalova and R.F. Djachkowskala, Cancer Treat. Rep. <60 (1976) 1601.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  285. C.C. Cheng and K.Y. Zee-Chang, J. Pharm. Sci. 61 (1972) 485.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  286. J.A. Katzenellenbogen, R.J. McGorrin, T. Tatee R.J. Kempton, K.E. Carlson and D.H. Kinder, J. Med. Chem. 24 (1981) 435.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  287. S.M. Kupchan, M.A. Eakin and A.M. Thomas, J. Med. Chem. 14 (1971) 1147.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  288. S.M. Kupchan, Trans. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 32 (1970) 85.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  289. J.M. Cassidy, S.R. Byrn and T.K. Stamos, J. Med. Chem. 21 (1978) 815.

    Google Scholar 

  290. K.H. Lee, T. Ibuka, O. Muraoka, H. Kiyokawa and I.H. Hall, J. Med. Chem. 24 (1981) 924.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  291. S.S. Dehal, B.A. Marples, R.J. Stretton and J.R. Taynor, J. Med. Chem. 23 (1980) 90.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  292. S. Inayama, K. Mamoto, T. Sahibata and T. Girose, J. Med. Chem. 19 (1976) 433.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  293. B. Kellner, L. Nemeth, I.P. Hovarth and L. Institoris, Nature 213 (1967) 402.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  294. C. Mitoma, T. Onodera, T. Takagoshi and W. Thomas, Xenobiotica 1 (1977) 201.

    Google Scholar 

  295. H.E. May, P. Boose and D.J. Reed, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 57 (1974) 426.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  296. G.P. Wheeler, T.P. Jonstone, B.J. Bowden, G.S. McCaleb, D.L. Hill and J.A. Montgomery, Biochem. Pharmacol. 26 (1977) 2331.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  297. N. Brock and H.J. Hohorst, Naturwissenschaften 49 (1962) 610.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  298. G.H. Known, K. Maddism, L. Locastro and R.F. Borch, Cancer Res. 47 (1987) 1505.

    Google Scholar 

  299. H.J. Hohorst, V. Draeger, G. Peter and G. Voelcker, Cancer Treat. Rep. 60 (1976) 309.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  300. L. Bielicki, G. Voelker and H.J. Hohorst, J. Cancer Res. Clin Oncol. 108 (1984) 195.

    Google Scholar 

  301. H.J. Hohorst, L. Bielicki and G. Voelker, in ‘The enzymatic basis of cyclophosphamide specificity’, Advances in Enzyme Regulation, ed. G. Weber, Pergamon Press, Oxford (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  302. R.F. Struck and D.S. Alberts, Cancer Treat. Rep. 68 (1984) 765.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  303. U. Praeger, G. Peter and H.J. Hohorst, Cancer Treat. Rep. 60 (1976) 355.

    Google Scholar 

  304. G. Voelcker, T. Wagner and H.J. Hohorst, Cancer Treat. Rep. 60 (1976) 415.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  305. T. Wangle, G. Zon and W. Egan, J. Med. Chem. 22 (1979) 897.

    Google Scholar 

  306. W.P. Brade, K. Herdrich and M. Varini, Cancer Treat. Rev. 12 (1985) 1.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  307. S.M. Ludeman, V.L. Boyd, J.B. Regan, K.A. Gallo, B. Zon and K. Ishii, J. Med. Chem. 29 (1986) 716.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  308. D.L. Hill, W.R. Laster, M.C. Kirk, S. El Dareer and R.F. Struck, Cancer Res. 33 (1973) 1016.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  309. T.A. Connors, P.J. Cox, P.B. Farmer, A.B. Foster and M. Jarman, Biochem. Pharmacol. 23 (1974) 115.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  310. B.M. Bryant, M. Jarman, H.M. Baker, I.E. Smith and J.E. Smith, Cancer Res. 10 (1980) 4734.

    Google Scholar 

  311. K. Norpoth, Cancer Treat. Rep. 60 (1976) 437.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  312. K. Norpoth, G. Mueller and H. Raid, Arzneim.-Forsch. 26 (1976) 1376

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  313. S.J. Spengler and B. Singer, Cancer Res. 48 (1988) 4704.

    Google Scholar 

  314. L.M. Cobb, T.A. Connors, L.A. Elson, A.H. Khan, B.C.V. Mitchley, W.C.J. Ross and M.E. Whissen, Biochem. Pharmacol. 18 (1969) 1519.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  315. T.A. Connors, H.G. Mandel and D.H. Melzack, Int. J. Cancer 9 (1972) 126.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  316. M.J. Tisdale and A.D. Habberfield, Biochem. Pharmacol. 29 (1980) 2845.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  317. J.J. Roberts, F. Friedlos and R.J. Knox, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 140 (1986) 1073.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  318. R.F. Knox, F. Friedlos, M. Jarman and J.J. Roberts, Biochem. Pharmacol. 37 (1988) 4661.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  319. A. Verloop, W. Hoogenstraten and J. Tipker, Drug Design 1 (1967) 165.

    Google Scholar 

  320. Z. Simon, A. Chiriac, S. Holban, D. Ciubotariu, G. 1. Mihalas, in Minimum Steric Differences. The MTD Method for QSAR Studies, John Wiley, New York (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  321. E.J. Lien and G.L. Tong, Cancer Chemother. Rep. 57 (1973) 251.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  322. A. Panthananickal, C. Hansch and A. Leo, J. Med. Chem. 19 (1976) 1267.

    Google Scholar 

  323. W.J. Dunn, M.J. Greenberg and S.S. Callejas, J. Med. Chem. 19 (1976) 1299.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  324. G.J. Hatheway, C. Hansch, K.H. Kim, S.R. Mildstein, C.L. Schmidt, R.N. Smith and F.R. Quinn, J. Med. Chem. 21 (1978) 563.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  325. G. Hansch, G.A. Hatheway, F.R. Quinn and N. Greenberg, J. Med. Chem. 21 (1978) 574.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  326. C. Hansch, N. Smith and R. Engle, Cancer Chemother. Rep. 29 (1963) 91.

    Google Scholar 

  327. I. Baracu, G. Botez, R. Denes, V. Dobre, B. Ureche, T. Craescu, N. Voicule and I. Niculescu-Duvaz, Rev. Roum. Biochem. 18 (1981) 175.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  328. C. Hansch, A. Leo, C. Schmidt and P.Y.C. Jow, J. Med. Chem. 23 (1980) 1095.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  329. G. Prakash and E.M. Hodnett, J. Med. Chem. 21 (1978) 369.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  330. M. Yoshimoto, M. Miyazawa, H. Nakao, K. Shinkai and M. Arakawa, J. Med. Chem. 22 (1979) 491.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  331. T.P. Johnstone and J.A. Montgomery, Cancer Treat.-Rep. 70 (1986) 13.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. I. Niculescu-Duvǎz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. I. Baracu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. A. T. Balaban
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Drug Development Section, Institute of Cancer Research, UK

    Derry E. V. Wilman

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1990 Blackie & Son Ltd

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Niculescu-Duvǎz, I., Baracu, I., Balaban, A.T. (1990). Alkylating agents. In: Wilman, D.E.V. (eds) The Chemistry of Antitumour Agents. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0397-5_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0397-5_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-6665-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-0397-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation