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Generic delimitations in African groups which also have wide distributions outside Africa

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The Biodiversity of African Plants

Abstract

At least at the generic level, the African continent is not isolated, i.e. many genera are not restricted to that continent. Which genera are endemic and which are not can be established only after extensive and thorough research in most cases. This research may reveal connections not known before or lead to the rupture of entities in two or more parts along continental boundaries. At least some knowledge of the family on a worldwide scale is needed to know where to look for possible connections. These connections with other continents may be to the East or to the West, quite often dependent on the family or subfamily in question. In Africa, the taxonomic exploration of the tropical lowland rain forest started much later than in the other continents, which may have important consequences of priority in nomenclature. Before the colonial era, botanists worked on a mondial or at least on a continental scale. In colonial times taxonomists restricted themselves to a colony, a national possession, frequently, in competition with colleagues from other colonial powers working for their colonies. The more genera and species they published the better, often with severe consequences for the quality of their work. At present taxonomists are gradually returning to the continental or cosmopolitical scale and do more monographic work. A rapid production of a good generic monograph is no longer possible. Examples of several African groups will be given to illustrate the different aspects of the problems encountered.

Résumé

Tout au moins au niveau générique, le continent africain n’est pas isolé, ce qui signifie que de nombreux genres n’y sont pas confinés. La question de savoir quel genre est endémique et quel genre ne l’est pas ne peut être résolue dans la plupart des cas qu’après des recherches étendues et approfondies. Ces recherches peuvent mettre en évidence des connexions qui n’apparaissaient pas auparavant ou conduire au morcellement de certaines entités en deux ou plusieurs fractions correspondant à des frontières continentales. Une certaine connaissance de la famille à l’échelle mondiale est à tout le moins nécessaire pour situer le champ de recherches. Ces connexions avec d’autres continents peuvent s’étendre vers l’est ou vers l’ouest, le plus souvent en fonction de la famille ou de la sous-famille étudiée. En Afrique, l’exploration taxonomique des forêts tropicales ombrophiles planitiaires a commencé bien plus tard que sur les autres continents, ce qui entraîne des conséquences importantes au niveau de la priorité nomenclaturale. Avant l’aire coloniale, les botanistes travaillaient à une échelle mondiale ou au moins continentale. Au temps des colonies, les taxonomistes se sont attachés davantage à une colonie, possession nationale, souvent en concurrence avec des collègues appartenant à d’autres puissances coloniales et travaillant pour leurs colonies. C’était une course au nombre de genres et d’espèces décrits, avec souvent des conséquences néfastes sur la qualité du travail réalisé. A l’heure actuelle, les taxonomistes reviennent progressivement à un travail à l’échelle continentale ou mondiale et s’intéressent davantage à des études monographiques. La production rapide d’une bonne monographie générique n’est plus envisageable. Des exemples de plusieurs groupes africains sont présentés afin d’illustrer les différents aspects des problèmes rencontrés.

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Breteler, F.J. (1996). Generic delimitations in African groups which also have wide distributions outside Africa. In: van der Maesen, L.J.G., van der Burgt, X.M., van Medenbach de Rooy, J.M. (eds) The Biodiversity of African Plants. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0285-5_50

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0285-5_50

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-6613-6

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