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Structure and Dynamics Of Van der Waals Complexes

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Low Temperature Molecular Spectroscopy

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((ASIC,volume 483))

Abstract

Novel rules have been discovered which govern the structures of weakly bound molecular complexes. They do not always follow chemical intuition. Complexes with a rare gas atom typically exhibit a T-shaped structure. Linear molecules with an argon atom have been found to obey this rule as well as aromatic molecules for which the rare gas atom is located above the ring plane. This general pattern is also shown in complexes of aromatic molecules with diatomic molecules and even with nonlinear triatomic molecules. Dimers of benzene are no exception to this rule. However rather unexpectedly, CO was found to attach to pyridine in the ring plane in an asymmetric position near nitrogen in the corresponding complex. In all the other investigated complexes of CO with benzene, pyrrole and furan, CO assumes a position above the ring plane.

The formation of a molecular complex from two subunits transforms three translational degrees of freedom and an appropriate number of rotational degrees of freedom into internal vibrational degrees of freedom. The resulting force constants of these Van der Waals vibrations are much weaker than those of stable molecules. They give rise to rather low frequency motions with large amplitudes including internal rotations and inversions. In simple cases, the centrifugal distortion constants carry valuable informations about force constants and vibrational frequencies of the Van der Waals modes. The results obtained for complexes with a rare gas atom will be discussed. The analysis of splittings of rotational transitions provides values for barriers to internal rotations or inversions if adequate quantum-mechanical models can be developed for the intermolecular motions. Some problems during the analysis of complexes mostly formed with aromatic molecules will be demonstrated.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland

    Alfred Bauder

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  1. Alfred Bauder
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  1. Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

    R. Fausto

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© 1996 Kluwer Academic Publishers

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Bauder, A. (1996). Structure and Dynamics Of Van der Waals Complexes. In: Fausto, R. (eds) Low Temperature Molecular Spectroscopy. NATO ASI Series, vol 483. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0281-7_12

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0281-7_12

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-6611-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-0281-7

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