Abstract
When air flows past a body moving at high Mach numbers, a bow shock forms in front of the body. If the flight Mach number is high enough, air will dissociate and form species as O, N, NO; if the Mach number corresponds to energies of order about 1 eV (about 11,000 K), ionization also takes place, and O +, NO +, N + and e – will appear.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Scott, C.D. (1987) The Effects of Thermochemistry, Non-Equilibrium and Surface Catalysis in the Design of Hypersonic Vehicles, lth Joint Europe-US Short Course on Hypersonics, Paris, France.
Lewis, B. and von Elbe, G. (1987) Combustion, Flames and Explosions of Gases, Academic Press, Orlando.
Moore, W.J. (1978) Physical Chemistry, Longman Group Limited, London.
Bond, G.C. (1974) Heterogeneous Catalysis: Principles and Applications, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
Rosner, D.E. (1966) Convective Diffusion Limitations on the Rates of Chemical Reactions at Solid Surfaces-Kinetic Implications, 11th Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh.
Kensington, A. N. (1968) The Physics and Chemistry of Surfaces, Dover Publications Inc., New York.
Tamaru, X. (1978) Dynamic Heterogeneous Catalysis, Academic Press, New York.
Boudart, M. and Djéga-Mariadassou, G. (1984) Kinetics of Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactions, Princeton University Press, Princeton N.J..
Zangwill, A. (1988) Physics at Surfaces, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Atkins, P.W. (1994) Physical Chemistry, Oxford University Press, Fifth Edition, Oxford.
Halpern, B. and Rosner, D.E. (1978) Chemical Energy Accomodation at Catalyst Surfaces, Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions I, 74, 1833–1912.
Park, C. (1990) Non-Equilibrium Aerothermodynamics, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Bruno, C. (1989) Nonequilibrium Thermochemistry and Catalysis, 2nd Joint Europe-US Short Course on Hypersonic, US Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, CO.
Carleton, K.L. and Marinelli, W. J. (1992) Spacecraft Thermal Energy Accomodation from Atomic Recombination, J. of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, 6, 4, 650–655.
Nasuti, F., Barbato, M. and Bruno, C. (1995) Material-Dependent Catalytic Recombination Modeling for Hypersonic Flows, also AIAA Paper 93–2840, revised and accepted for publication in J. of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer.
Seward, W.A. and Jumper, E.J. (1991) Model for Oxygen Recombination on Silicon-Dioxide Surface, J. of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, 5, 3, 284–291.
Jumper, E.J. and Seward, W.A. (1994) Model for Oxygen Recombination on Reaction-Cured Glass, J. of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, 8, 2, 460–465.
Jumper, E.J., Newman, M., Seward, W.A., and Kitchen, D.R. (1993) Recombination of Nitrogen on Silica-Based, Thermal-Protection-Tile-Like Surfaces, AIAA Paper 93–0477, 31st Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, Reno, NV.
Deutschmann, O., Riedel, U., and Warnatz, J. (1994) Modeling of Nitrogen and Oxygen Recombination on Partial Catalytic Surface, ASME J. of Heat Transfer, June, Preprint 23.
Grumet, A.A., and Anderson, J.D. Jr. (1994) The effects of Surface Catalysis on the Hypersonic Shock Wave/Boundary Layer Interaction, AIAA Paper 94–2073, 6th AIAA/ASME Joint Thermophysics and Heat Transfer Conference.
Barbato, M., Giordano, D. and Bruno, C. (1994) Comparison Between Finite Rate and Other Catalytic Boundary Conditions For Hypersonic Flows, AIAA Paper 94–2074, 6th AIAA/ASME Joint Thermophysics and Heat Transfer Conference.
Greaves, J.C. and Linnett, J.W. (1955) Recombination of Oxygen Atoms on Silica from 20°C to 600°C, Transactions of the Faraday Society, 55, 1355–1361.
Kolodziej, P. and Stewart, D.A. (1987) Nitrogen Recombination on High-Temperature Reusable Surface Insulation and the Analysis of its Effects on Surface Catalysis, AIAA Paper 87–1637, 22nd Thermophysics Conference, Honolulu, Hawaii.
Eitelberg, G. (1993) Calibration of the HEG and Its Use for Verification of Real Gas Effects in High Enthalpy Flows, AIAA Paper 93–5170, AIAA/DGLR Fifth International Aerospace Planes and Hypersonic Technologies Conference.
Walpot, L.M.G. (1991) Quasi One Dimensional Inviscid Nozzle Flow in Vibrational and Chemical Non-Equilibrium, Technical Report EWP-1664, ESA-Estec, Noordwijk, The Netherlands.
Netterfield, M.P., (1992) Validation of a Navier-Stokes Code for Thermochemical Non-Equilibrium Flows, AIAA Paper 92–2878, 27th Thermophysics Conference, Nashville, TN.
Tirsky, G.A. (1993) Up-to-Date Gasdynamic Models of Hypersonic Aerodynamics and Heat Transfer with Real Gas Properties, Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 25, 151–181.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1996 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Barbato, M., Bruno, C. (1996). Heterogeneous Catalysis: Theory, Models and Applications. In: Capitelli, M. (eds) Molecular Physics and Hypersonic Flows. NATO ASI Series, vol 482. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0267-1_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0267-1_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-6604-4
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-0267-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive