Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Distributed Hydrological Modelling pp 93–120Cite as

Soil Erosion Modelling

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Water Science and Technology Library ((WSTL,volume 22))

Abstract

Increasing rates of soil erosion in developing countries have been given attention for a long time. The increase in population pressure, inequality in societies, and sometimes also legislation have resulted in cultivation of areas unsuitable for crop production or in unsustainable farming which, together with overgrazing, are major reasons for soil erosion. Alo erratic rainfall results in ecosystems prone to erosion, in particular in the semi-arid regions where the amount of rainfall impedes the establishment of good ground cover. Whitlow (1988) has estimated that average soil losses on croplands and grazing areas on Communal Lands in Zimbabwe are 50 and 75 t/ha/year, respectively, whereas the rates of soil formation are very slow, e.g. 400 kg/ha/year.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Al-Durrah, M.M. and Bradford, J.M. (1981) New methods of studying soil detachment due to water drop impact. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 45, 949–953.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Durrah, M.M. and Bradford, J.M. (1982a) Parameters for describing soil detachment due to single water drop impact. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 46, 836–840.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Durrah, M.M. and Bradford, J.M. (1982b) The mechanism of raindrop splash on soil surfaces. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 46, 1086–1090.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Andersen, H.E. and Lorap, J.K. (1991) A Theoretical and Experimental Study of Rill Erosion. M.Sc. Thesis, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Copenhagen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beasley, D.B., Huggins, L.F. and Monke, E.J. (1980) ANSWERS: A model for watershed planning. Transactions of the ASAE 23, 938–944.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, J.P. (1974) Concepts of mathematical modelling of sediment yield. Water Resources Research 10, 485–492.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bollinne, A. (1978) Study of the importance of splash and wash on cultivated loamy soils of Hesbaye (Belgium). Earth Surface Processes 3, 71–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bryan, R.B.(1976) Considerations on soil erodibility indices and sheetwash. Catena 3, 99–111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bryan, R.B. and Poesen, J. (1989) Laboratory experiments on the influence of slope length on runoff, percolation and rill development. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 14, 221–231.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Catt, J.A. (1992) Soil erosion on the Lower Greensand at Woburn Experimental Farm, Bedfordshire -evidence, history and causes, In M. Bell and J. Boardman (eds) Past and Present Soil Erosion, Oxbow Monograph 22.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Ploey, J. (1989) A model for headcut retreat in rills and gullies. Catena Supplement 14, 81–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • DHI (1994) Testing of the MIKE-SHE-EUROSEM code. Unpublished.

    Google Scholar 

  • DHI and IoG (1992) Modification of and simulation with a soil erosion model, Technical Report Proj. No. 13-4291.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elliot, W.J., Foster, G.R. and Elliot, A.V. (1994) Soil Erosion: Processes, Impacts and Prediction, In R. Lai and F.J. Pierce (eds), Soil management for sustainability, Soil and Water Conservation Society, Iowa, pp. 25-34.

    Google Scholar 

  • El well, H.A. (1977) Soil loss estimation system for southern Africa. Department of Conservation and Extension, Research Bulletin No. 22. Salisbury, Rhodesia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emmett, W.W. (1978) The hydraulics of overland flow on hills lopes. Geological Survey Professional Paper 662-A.

    Google Scholar 

  • Engelund, F. and Hansen, E. (1967) A monograph on sediment transport in alluvial streams. Teknisk forlag, Copenhagen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Engman, E.T. (1986) Roughness coefficients for routing of surface runoff, Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 112, 39–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Evans, R. (1981) Potential soil and crop losses by soil erosion. Proceedings, SAWMA Conference on Soil and Crop Loss: Development in soil erosion control. National Agriculture Centre, Stoneleigh.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foster, G.R. and Meyer, L.D. (1972) A closed-form soil erosion equation for upland areas, In H.W. Shen (ed) Sedimentation: Symposium to Honour Professor H.A. Einstein, Fort Collins, Colorado, pp. 12.1-12.19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foster, G.R., Lombardi, F. and Moldenhauer, W.C. (1982) Evaluation of rainfall-runoff erosivity factors for individual storms. Transactions of the ASAE 25, 124–129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilley, J.E., Woolhiser, D.A. and McWorther, D.B. (1985) Interrill erosion. Part I: Development of model equations. Transactions of the ASAE 28, 147–153.

    Google Scholar 

  • Govers, G. (1990) Empirical relationships on the transporting capacity of overland flow. International Association of Hydrological Sciences Publication 189, 45–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Govers, G., Everaert, W., Poesen, J., Rauws, G., De Ploey, J. and Lautridou, J.P. (1990) A long flume study of the dynamic factors affecting the resistance of a loamy soil to concentrated flow erosion. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 15, 313–328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hasholt, B. and Styczen, M. (1993) Measurement of sediment transport components in a drainage basin and comparison with sediment delivery computed by a soil erosion model, In R.F. Hadley and M. Takahisa (eds) Sediment Problems: Strategies for monitoring, Prediction and Control, IAHS Publ. no; 217, pp. 147-158.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirkby, M.J. (1980) Modelling water erosion processes, In M.J. Kirkby and R.P.C. Morgan (eds), Soil Erosion, John Wiley and Sons Ltd., Chichester, pp. 183–216.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lane, L.J. and Nearing, M.A. (1989) USDA - Water erosion prediction Project: Hillslope profile model documentation. NSERL Report No. 2, USDA-ARS National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, L.D. (1981) How rain intensity affects interrill erosion. Transactions oftheASAE 24, 1472–1475.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, L.D. and Wischmeier, W.H. (1969) Mathematical simulation of the process of soil erosion by water. Transactions oftheASAE, 12, 754–758, 762.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, R.P.C. (1982) Splash detachment under plant covers: results and implications of a field study. Transactions of the ASAE 25, 987–991.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, R.P.C. (1985) Soil erosion measurement and soil conservation research in cultivated areas of the UK. Geographical J. 151, 11–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, R.P.C., Finney, H.J., Lavee, H., Merritt, E. and Noble, C.A. (1985) Plant cover effects on hillslope runoff and erosion: evidence from two laboratory experiments, In A.D. Abrahams (ed) Hillslopeprocesses, Allen and Urwin, Winchester, Mass., pp. 77–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, R.P.C., Quinton, J.N. and Rickson, R.J. (1991) Eurosem User Guide - version 1. Silsoe College, United Kingdom.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, R.P.C., Quinton, J.N., Smith, R.E., Govers, G., Poesen, J.W.A., Auerswald, K., Chisci, G., Torri, D. and Styczen, M.E. (1995) The European Soil Erosion Model (EUROSEM): A Processbased Approach for Predicting Soil Loss from Fields and Small Catchments, Submitted to Earth Surface Processes and Landforms.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mosley, M.P. (1982) The effect of a New Zealand beech forest canopy on the kinetic energy of water drops and on surface erosion. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 8, 569–577.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nearing, M.A., Lane, L.J. and Lopes, V.L. (1994) Modelling Soil Erosion, In R. Lai (ed) Soil Erosion Research Methods, Soil and Water Conservation Society, Ankeny, pp. 127–156.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nearing, M.A., Foster, G.R., Lane, L.J. and Finkner, S.C. (1989) A process-based soil erosion model for USDA-water erosion prediction project technology. Trans. ASAE 32(5) 1587–1593.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen, S.A. and Styczen, M. (1986) Development of an areally distributed soil erosion model, in Proceedings of the Nordic Hydrologic Conference, Aug. 11-13, Reykjavik, pp. 797-808.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oldeman, L.R. (1992) Global extent of soil degradation, Bi-annual report, International Soil Reference and Information Center, Wageningen, The Netherlands, pp. 19-36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Park, S.W., Mitchell, J.K., Scarborough, J.N. (1982) Soil erosion simulation on small watersheds: A modified ANSWERS model. Transactions oftheASAE 25, 1581–1588.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poesen, J,W. and Ingelmo-Sanchez, F. (1992) Runoff and sediment yield from topsoils with different porosity as affected by rock fragment cover and position, Catena 19, 451–474.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Poesen, J.W., Torri, D. and Bunte, K.(1994) Effects of rock fragments on soil erosion by water at different spatial scales: a review, Catena 23, 141–166

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quinton, J.N. (1993) Personal communication.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quinton, J.N. (1994) The validation of physically-based erosion models with particular reference to EUROSEM, In R.J. Rickson (ed) Conserving Soil Resources: European Perspectives, CAB International, pp. 300-313.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rauws, G. and Govers, G. (1988) Hydraulics and soil mechanical aspects of rill generation in agricultural soils, Journal of Soil Science 39, 111–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Refsgaard, J.C. and Storm, B. (1995) MIKE SHE. In V.J. Singh (Ed) Computer models in watershed hydrology. Water Resources Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Renard, K.G., Laflen, J.M., Foster, G.R. and McCool, D.K. (1994) The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation, In R. Lai (ed) Soil Erosion Research Methods, Soil and Water Conservation Society, Ankeny, pp. 105–124.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rickson, R.J. (1994) Potential application of the European Soil Erosion Model (EUROSEM) for evaluating soil conservation measures, In R.J. Rickson (ed) Conserving Soil Resources: European Perspectives, CAB International, pp. 326-355.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rose, C.W., Williams, J.R., Sander, G.C. and Barry, D.A. (1983a) A mathematical model of soil erosion and deposition processes. I. Theory for a plane element. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 47, 991–995.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rose, C.W., Williams, J.R., Sander, G.C. and Barry, D.A.(1983b) A mathematical model of soil erosion and deposition processes. II. Application of data from an arid-zone catchment. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 47, 996–1000.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Römkens, M.J.M. and Wang, J.Y. (1986) Effects of tillage on surface roughness. Transactions of the ASAE 29(2) 429–433.

    Google Scholar 

  • Savat, J. (1980) Resistance to flow in rough supercritical sheet flow. Earth Surface Processes 5, 103–122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Styczen, M. & Nielsen, S.A. (1989) A view of soil erosion theory, process-research and model building: possible interactions and future developments, Quaderni di Scienza del Suolo 2, 27–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Styczen, M. and Hogh-Schmidt, K. (1988) A new description of splash erosion in relation to raindrop size and vegetation, In R.P.C. Morgan and R.J. Rickson (eds) Erosion assessment and modelling. Commission of the European Communities Report No. EUR 10860 EN, pp. 147-184.

    Google Scholar 

  • Torri, D. and Borselli, L. (1991) Overland flow and soil erosion: Some processes and their interactions, In H.R. Bork, J. de Ploey and A.P. Schick (eds) Erosion, Transport and Deposition Processes -Theories and Models, CATENA Supplement 19, Catena Verlag, Cremlingen-Destedt, Germany, pp. 129–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Torri, D., Sfalanga, M. and Chisci, G. (1987a) Threshold conditions for incipient rilling. CATENA Supplement 8, 97–106.

    Google Scholar 

  • Torri, D., Sfalanga, M. and Del Sette, M. (1987b) Splash detachment: Runoff depth and soil cohesion. Catena 14, 149–155.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • USDA (1980) CREAMS - A Field-Scale Model for Chemical, Runoff and Erosion from Agricultural Management Systems. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Conservation Research Report No. 26, 640 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitlow, R. (1988) Land Degradation in Zimbabwe. A Geographical Study. Geography Department, University of Zimbabwe, Harare.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wicks, J.M., Bathurst, J.C. and Johnson, C.W. (1992) Calibrating SHE Soil-Erosion Model for Different Land Covers, Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 118(5) 708–723.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, J.R. (1975) Sediment-yield prediction with universal equation using runoff energy factor, In: Present and Prospective Technology for Predicting Sediment Yield and Sources, ARS-S-40, Agr. Res. Serv., U.S. Dept. Agr., Washington D.C., pp. 244-252.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wischmeier, W.H. (1975) Estimating the soil loss equation’s cover and management factor for undisturbed areas, in Present and Prospective Technology for Predicting Sediment Yields and Sources, ARS-S-40, USDA Agricultural Research Service Publ., pp. 118-124.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wischmeier, W.H. and Smith, D.D. (1965): Predicting rainfall erosion losses from cropland East of the Rocky Mountains. Agricultural Handbook No. 282. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Purdue Agricultural Experiment Station.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wischmeier, W.H. and Smith, D.D. (1978): Predicting rainfall erosion losses. USDA Agricultural Handbook No. 537.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woolhiser, D.A., Smith, R.E. and Goodrich, D.C. (1990) KINEROS: A Kinematic Runoff and Erosion Model: Documentation and user manual. USDA Agricultural Research Service ARS-77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yalin, Y.S. (1963) An expression for bed-load transportation. J. Hyd. Div. ASCE 89, 221–250

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Danish Hydraulic Institute, Hørsholm, Denmark

    J. K. Lørup & M. Styczen

  2. Department of Hydrodynamics and Water Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark

    J. K. Lørup

Authors
  1. J. K. Lørup
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. Styczen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. International Institute for Infrastructural, Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Delft, The Netherlands

    Michael B. Abbott

  2. Danish Hydraulic Institute, Hørsholm, Denmark

    Jens Christian Refsgaard

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1990 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Lørup, J.K., Styczen, M. (1990). Soil Erosion Modelling. In: Abbott, M.B., Refsgaard, J.C. (eds) Distributed Hydrological Modelling. Water Science and Technology Library, vol 22. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0257-2_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0257-2_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-6599-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-0257-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation