Skip to main content

Abstract

Global warming from increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases could well cause global sea level to rise. As discussed in Chapter 2 of this book, it is the firm consensus of the scientific community that, in the decades to come, the increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases should cause the world to warm. Global warming, in turn, should cause sea level to rise by expanding the oceans and increasing the melt rates of ice sheets and glaciers. Global climate change could also affect the frequency and intensity of cyclones and storm surges, and thus coastal flooding, in the Bay of Bengal.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Andrews, JT (1991) Association of ice sheets and sea level with global warming: a geological perspective on aspects of global change. In RS Bradley (ed.) Global Changes of the Past. UCAR Office of Interdisciplinary Earth Studies, Boulder, Colorado, pp. 321–339.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anwar, J (1989) Geology of coastal area of Bangladesh and recommendations for resource development and management. In HJ Moudud, HE Rashid, AA Rahman (eds.) National Workshop on Coastal Area Resource Development and Management, Part II. Coastal Area Resource Development and Management Association (CARDMA), Dhaka, pp. 36–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bolin, B, Döös, BR., Warrick, RA, Jaeger, J (1986) The Greenhouse Effect, Climatic Change and Ecosystems (SCOPE 29). John Wiley and Sons Inc., Chichester.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chowdhury, MI (1959) Morphological analysis of Bengal Basin. Unpublished Masters Thesis, Cambridge University, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cubasch, U and Cess, RD (1990) Processes and modelling. In JT Houghton, GJ Jenkins, JJ Ephraums (eds.) Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 6991.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cubasch, U, Santer, BD, Hellback, A, Hegerl, G, Hock, KH Maier-Reimer, E, Mikolajewicz, U, Stossel, A, Voss, R (1992) Monte-Carlo Climate Change Forecasts with a Global Coupled Ocean-atmosphere Model. Max-Planck-Institut fur Meteorologie, Report no. 97, MPI, Hamburg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Day, JW, Conner, WH, Costanza, R, Kemp, GP, Mendelssohn, IA (1993) Impacts of sea level rise on coastal systems with special emphasis on the Mississippi River deltaic plain. In RA Warrick, EM Barrow, TML Wigley (eds.) Climate and Sea-Level Change: Observations, Projections and Implications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 276–296.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emery, KO, Aubrey, DG (1985) Glacial rebound and relative sea levels in Europe from tide-gauge records. Tectonophys., 120, 239–255.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Emery, KO, Aubrey, DG (1991) SeaLevels, Land Levels, andTide Gauges. Springer-Verlag, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, JL (1993) Sensitivity of tropical cyclone intensity to sea surface temperature. J. Climate, 6, 1133–1140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fergusson, J(1863) On recent changes in the delta of the Ganges. Q J. Geol. Soc., London 19,321–354.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flather, RA, Khandker, H (1983) The storm surge problem and possible effects of sea level changes on coastal flooding in the Bay of Bengal. In RA Warrick, EM Barrow, TML Wigley (eds.) Climate and Sea Level Change: Observations, Projections and Implications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 229–245.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flood Action Plan (FAP) 7 (1992) Cyclone Protection Project II: Feasibility and Design Studies (Main Report). Government of Bangladesh, Ministry of Irrigation, Water Development and Flood Centre, Dhaka.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gagliano, SM, Meyer-Arendt, KJ, Wicker, KM (1981) Land loss in the Mississippi River deltaic plain. Trans. Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol. Soc., 31,295–300.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gates, WL, Mitchell, JFB, Boer, G J, Cubasch, U, Meleshko, VP (1992) Climate modelling, climate prediction and model validation. In JT Houghton, BA Callander, SK Varney (eds.) Climate Change 1992: The Supplementary Report to the IPCC Scientific Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 97–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gregory, JM (1993) Sea-level changes under increasing atmospheric C02 in a transient coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM experiment. J. Climate, 6,2247–2263.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grove, JM (1988) The Little Ice Age. Methuen, London.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Haeberli, W, Bosch, H, Scherer, K, Ostrem, G, Wallen, CC (1989) World Glacier Inventory. Status 1988. IAHS (ICSI)-UNEP-UNESCO

    Google Scholar 

  • Houghton, JT, Callander, BA, Varney, SK (1992) Climate Change 1992: The Supplementary Report to the IPCC Scientific Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Houghton, JT, Jenkins, GJ, Ephraums, JJ (1990) Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Isaksen, ISA, Ramaswamy, V, Rodhe, H, Wigley, TML (1992) Radiative forcing of climate. In JT Houghton, BA Callander SK Varney (eds.) Climate Change 1992: The Supplementary Report to the IPCC Scientific Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 47–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jayanthi, N, Sarma, AKS (1986) A Catalogue of Storm Surges in India, Rept. 86–1. Regional Meteorological Center, Madra, India.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jonas, PR, Charlson, RJ, Rodhe, H (1995) Aerosols. In JT Houghton, LG Meira Filho, J Bruce, Hoesung Lee, BA Callander, E Haites, N Harris, K Maskell (eds.) Climate Change 1994: Radiative Forcing of Climate Change and an Evaluation of the IPCC IS92 Emission Scenarios. Published for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 127–162.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katsura, J, Hyashi, T, Nishimura, H, Isobe, M, Yamashita, T, Kawata, Y, Yasuda, T, Nakagawa, H (1992) Storm Surges and Severe Wind Disasters Caused by the 1991 Cyclone in Bangladesh. (Rept. No. B-2, Research Rept. on Natural Disasters). Supported by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Grant No. 03306020

    Google Scholar 

  • Khalil, GM (1992) Cyclones and storm surges in Bangladesh: some mitigative measures, Natural Hazards, 6(1), 11–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khan, F H (1991) The Geology of Bangladesh. Dhaka University Press, Dhaka.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khan, S R, Mridha, AS (1992) Geological Evidence of Late Holocene Sea Level Fluctuations in the Coast of Bangladesh. (IOC-UNEP Workshop on Impacts of Sea Level Rise Due to Global Warming, Ed. Dhaka). National Oceanographic and Maritime Institute (NOAMI), Bangladesh, pp. 1–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leggett, J, Pepper, WJ, Swart, RJ (1992) Emission scenarios for the IPCC: an update. In Houghton, JT, Callander, BA, Varney, SK (eds.) Climate Change 1992: The Supplementary Report to the IPCC Scientific Assessment. Cambridge Unversity Press, Cambridge, pp. 69–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levitus, S(1982) Climatological Atlas of the World’s Oceans. NOAA Professional Paper 13, US Government Printing Office, Washington D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lighthill, J, Holland, G, Gray, W, Landsea, C, Craig, G, Evans, J, Kurihara, Y, Guard, C (1994) Global Climate Change and Tropical Cyclones. Findings of the ICSU/WMO Symposium on Tropical Cyclones and Climate Change, 22 November -1 December 1993, Mexico City. (Submitted for publication to the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society.)

    Google Scholar 

  • Master Plan Organisation (MPO) (1986) National Master Plan, Final Report, Volume 1. MPO, Dhaka.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meier, MF (1984) Contribution of small glaciers to global sea level. Science, 226, 1418–1421.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meier, MF (1990) Reduced rise in sea level. Nature, 343, 115–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, JFB, Manabe, S, Tokioka, T, Meleshko, V (1990) Equilibrium climate change and its implications for the future. In JT Houghton, GJ Jenkins, JJ Ephraums (eds.) Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 131–172.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, J P, Mclntire, WG (1959) Quaternary geology of the Bengal Basin, East Pakistan and India. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 70, 319–342.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Multi-purpose Cyclone Shelter Project (MCSP) (1993) Summary Report. Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology and the Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies, Dhaka.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murty, TS, (1984) Storm surges — meteorological ocean tides. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (Bulletin 12), 897p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murty, TS, Flather, RA, Henry, RF (1986) The storm surge problem in the Bay of Bengal, Progress in Oceanography, 16,195–233.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murty, TS, Henry, RF, (1983) Recommendations for Improving StormSurge Predictions inthe Bay of Bengal Area. Report to WMO-ESCAP Panel on Tropical Cyclones.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Research Council (NRC) (1990) Sea-level Change. Studies in Geophysics. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oerlemans, J, Fortuin, JPF (1992) Sensitivity of glaciers and small ice caps to greenhouse warming. Science, 258, 115–117.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Polar Research Board (PRB) (1985) Glaciers, Ice Sheets and Sea Level: Effect of a CO/induced Climatic Change. Report of a workshop held in Seattle, Washington, September 13–15, 1984. US DOE/ER/60235–1. U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pugh, DT (1987) Tides, Surges and Mean Sea Level. John Wiley and Sons Inc., Chichester.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raghavendra, VK (1973) A statistical analysis of the number of tropical storms and depressions in the Bay of Bengal during 1890 to 1969. Indian Journal of Meteorology and Geophysics, 24, 125–130.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raper, SCB (1993) Observational data on the relationships between climatic change and the frequency and magnitude of severe tropical storms. In RA Warrick, EM Barrow, TML Wigley (eds.) Climate and Sea Level Change: Observations, Projections and Implications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 192–212.

    Google Scholar 

  • Resource Analysis (1992) Assessment of the Vulnerability of Coastal Areas to Sea-level Rise: Case Study Bangladesh. Report on preparatory analyses in Bangladesh and the Netherlands. Resource Analysis, Delft.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sahagian, DL, Schwartz, FW, Jacobs, DK (1994) Direct anthropogenic contributions to sea level rise in the twentieth century. Nature, 367, 54–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schimel, D, Enting, IG, Heimann, M, Wigley, TML, Raynaud, D, Alves, D, Siegenthaler, U (1995) C02and the carbon cycle. In JT Houghton, LG Meira Filho, J Bruce, Hoesung Lee, BA Callander, E Haites, N Harris, K Maskell (eds.) Climate Change 1994: Radiative Forcing ofClimate Change and an Evaluation of the IPCC IS92 Emission Scenarios. Published for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 35–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shennan, I, Woodworth, PL (1992) A comparison of late Holocene and twentieth century sea- level trends from the UK and North Sea region. Geophysical Journal International, 109,96–105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shine, KP, Derwent, RG, Wuebbles, D J, Morcrette, J-J. (1990) Radiative forcing of climate. In JT Houghton, GT Jenkins, J J Ephraums (eds.) Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 41–68

    Google Scholar 

  • Talukder, J, Roy, G, Ahmad, M (1992) Living with Cyclones: Study on Storm Surge Prediction and Disaster Preparedness. Community Development Library, Dhaka.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tans, PP, Fung, IY, Takahashi, T (1990) Observational constraints on the global atmospheric carbon dioxide budget. Science, 247,1431–1438.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, RH, Sanderson, TJD, Rose, KE (1979) Effects of a climatic warming on the West Antarctic ice sheet. Nature, 227,355–358.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Umitsu, M(1985) Natural levees and landform evolutions in the Bengal Lowland. Geographical Review of Japan, 58, Ser. B., (2), 149–164

    Google Scholar 

  • Umitsu, M(1987) Late Quaternary sedimentary environment and landform evolution in the Bengal Lowland, Geographical Review of Japan, 60, Ser. B., (2), 164–178

    Google Scholar 

  • Umitsu, M (1993) Late Quaternary sedimentary environment and landforms in the Ganges Delta, Sedimentary Geology, 83,177–186.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Warrick, RA(1993a) Sea-level rise. Earthquest (Spring vol.), Science Capsule. Office of Interdisciplinary Earth Studies, Boulder

    Google Scholar 

  • Warrick, RA(1993b) Projections of future sea level rise: an update. In R McLean, N Mimura, (eds.) Vulnerability Assessment to Sea-Level Rise and Coastal Zone Management. Proceedings of the IPCC Eastern Hemisphere Workshop, Tsukuba, Japan, 3–6 August 1993. Secretariat of the Eastern Hemisphere Workshop, Tokyo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warrick, RA, Barrow, EM, Wigley, TML (1993) Climate and Sea Level Change: Observations, Projections and Implications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warrick, RA, Oerlemans, J (1990) Sea level rise. In JT Houghton, GJ Jenkins, JJ Ephraums (eds.) Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 257–281.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson, RT, Meira Filho, LG, Sanhueza, E, Janetos, A (1992) Greenhouse gases: sources and sinks. In JT Houghton, BA Callander, SK Varney (eds.) Climate Change 1992: The Supplementary Report to the IPCC Scientific Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 25–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wigley, TML, Raper, SCB (1987) Thermal expansion of sea water associated with global warming. Nature, 330,127–131.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wigley, TML, Raper, SCB (1992) Implications for climate and sea level of revised IPCC emission scenarios. Nature, 357, 293–300.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wigley, TML, Raper, SCB (1993) Future changes in global mean temperature and sea level. In RA Warrick, EM Barrow, TML Wigley (eds.) Climate and Sea Level Change: Observations, Projections and Implications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 111–133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodworth, PL (1990) A search for accelerations in records of European mean sea level, Int. J. Clim., 10,129–143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1996 Kluwer Academic Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Warrick, R.A., Azizul Hoq Bhuiya, A.K., Mitchell, W.M., Murty, T.S., Rasheed, K.B.S. (1996). Sea-level Changes in the Bay of Bengal. In: Warrick, R.A., Ahmad, Q.K. (eds) The Implications of Climate and Sea–Level Change for Bangladesh. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0241-1_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0241-1_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-7923-4001-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-0241-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics