Abstract
The threat of global climate change promises to be the single most pressing environmental issue as the world enters the 21st Century. Increasingly, it becomes incumbent upon decision-makers from a wide array of backgrounds to gain a sound understanding of the fundamentals of the climate change issue and how it relates to their areas of responsibility. The purpose of this chapter is to review the main elements of the climate change problem and the implications for Bangladesh in order to highlight the key scientific and policy issues involved. This is accomplished by addressing seven main questions: How has climate changed and why? How is the composition of the atmosphere changing? What are the effects on the Earth’s radiation budget? Have variations in greenhouse gases caused climate to change? How might the global climate change in the future? How might the climate of Bangladesh change? What are the implications for policy? The chapter concludes with reflections on the next steps for action and research.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Agarwal, A, Narain, S (1991) Global Warming in an Unequal World: A Case of Environmental Colonialism. Centre for Science and Environment, New Delhi.
Asaduzzaman, M (1991) The climatic changes in Bangladesh and their impact. Proceedings of the Asian-Pacific Seminar on Climate Changes. Environment Agency, Japan, pp. 102–108.
Barnola, JM, Raynaud, D, Korotkevitch, YS, Lorius, C (1987) Vostok ice core: a 160,000 year record of atmospheric CO2. Nature, 329,408–414.
Bolin, B, (1986) How much CO2 will remain in the atmosphere? In B Bolin, BR Döös, RA Warrick, J Jaeger, The Greenhouse Effect, Climate Change and Ecosystems. SCOPE 29. John Wiley and Sons Inc., Chichester, pp. 93–156.
Bolin, B, Döös, BR, Jager, J, Warrick, RA (1986) The Greenhouse Effect, Climatic Change and Ecosystems. SCOPE 29. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester.
Bretherton, FP, Bryan, K, Woods, JD (1990) Time-dependent greenhouse-gas-induced climate change. In JT Houghton, GJ Jenkins, J J Ephraums (eds.) Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 173–194
Chappellaz, J, Barnola, JM, Raynaud, D, Korotkevich, YS, Lorius, C (1990) Ice-core record of atmospheric methane over the past 160,000 years. Nature, 345,127–131.
Charlson, RJ, Schwartz, SE, Hales, JM, Cess, RD, Coakley, J A Jr., Hansen, JE, Hofmann, DJ (1992) Climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols. Science, 255,423–430.
Coastal Zone Management Subgroup (CZMS) (1990) Strategies for Adaptation to Sea Level Rise. IPCC Response Strategies Working Group. Ministry of Transport and Public Works, Rijkswaterstaat, The Hague.
Commonwealth Group of Experts (1989) Climate Change: Meeting the Challenge. Commonwealth Secretariat, London.
Cubasch, U, Cess, RD (1990) Processes and modelling. In JT Houghton, GJ Jenkins, JJ Ephraums (eds.) Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 69–91.
Cubasch, U, Hasslemann, K, Hock, H, Maier-Reimer, E, Mikolajewicz, U, Santer, BD, Sausen, R (1992) Time-dependent greenhouse warming computations with a coupled ocean atmosphere model. Climate Dynamics, 8,55–69.
Folland, C.K., Karl, T.R., Nicholls, N. Nyenzi, B.S., Parker, D.E. and Vinnikov, K.Ya. (1992) Observed climate variability and change. In J.T. Houghton, B.A. Callander and S.K. Varney (eds.) Climate Change 1992: The Supplementary Report to the IPCC Scientific Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 135–170.
Folland, CK, Karl, TR, Vinnikov, KYa (1990) Observed climate variations and change. In JT Houghton, GJ Jenkins and JJ Ephraums (eds.) Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 195–238.
Gates, WL, Mitchell, JFB, Boer, GJ, Cubasch, U, Meleshko, VP (1992) Climate modelling, climate prediction and model validation. In JT Houghton, BA Callander, SK Varney (eds.) Climate Change 1992: The Supplementary Report to the IPCC Scientific Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 97–134.
Government of Bangladesh (GOB) (1973) The First Five Year Plan 1973–1978. Planning Commission, Dhaka.
Government of Bangladesh (GOB) (1989) Study on the Causes and Consequences of Natural Disasters and Protection and Preservation of the Environment. Bangladesh Country Report Government of Bangladesh, Dhaka.
Government of Bangladesh (GOB) (1990) The Fourth Five Year Plan 1990–1995. Planning Commission, Dhaka.
Grove, JM (1988) The Little Ice Age. Methuen, London.
Gupta, S., Pachauri, R.K. (1989) Proceedings of the International Conference on Global Warming and Climate Change — Perspectives from Developing Countries. New Delhi.
Hare, FK (1979). Climate variation and variability: empirical evidence from metereological and other sources. In WMO, Proceedings of the World Climate Conference. WMO — No. 537, WMO , pp. 51–87.
Houghton, JT, Callander, BA, Varney, SK (1992) Climate change 1992: the Supplementary Report to the IPCC Scientific Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Houghton, JT, Meira Filho, LG, Bruce, J, Hoesung Lee, Callander, BA, Haites, E, Harris, N, Maskell, K (1995) (eds.) Climate Change 1994: Radiative Forcing of Climate Change and an Evaluation of the IPCC IS92 Emission Scenarios. Published for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Houghton, JT, Jenkins, G J, Ephraums, JJ (eds.) (1990) Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Houghton, RS (1991) Tropical deforestation and atmospheric carbon dioxide. Climate Change 19, 99–118.
IPCC (1990) Policymakers summary. In JT Houghton, GJ Jenkins, JJ Ephraums (eds.) Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Isaksen, ISA, Ramaswamy, V, Rodhe, H, Wigley, TML (1992) Radiative forcing of climate. In JT Houghton, BA Callander, SK Varney (eds.) Climate Change 1992: the Supplementary Report to the IPCC Scientific Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 47–67.
Jaeger, J(1988) Developing policies for responding to climatic change. WCIP-1, WMO/TD- No.225. WMO Secretariat, Geneva.
Jaeger, J, Ferguson, HL (1991) Climate Change: Science, IMPACTS and Policy. Proceedings of the Second World Climate Conference. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Jonas, PR, Charlson, RJ, Rodhe, H (1995) Aerosols. In JT Houghton, LG Meira Filho, J Bruce, Hoesung Lee, BA Callander, E Haites, N Harris, K. Maskell (eds.) Climate Change 1994: Radiative Forcing of Climate Change and an Evaluation of the IPCC IS92 Emission Scenarios. Published for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 127–162.
Leggett, J, Pepper, WJ, Swart, RJ (1992) Emission scenarios for the IPCC: an update. In JT Houghton, GJ Jenkins, JJ Ephraums (eds.) (1990) Climate Change 1992: The IPCC Scientific Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 69–96.
Leuenberger, M, Siegenthaler, U (1992) Ice-age atmospheric concentration of nitrous oxide from an Antartic ice core. Nature, 360,449–451.
Lighthill, J, Holland, G, Gray, W, Landsea, C Craig, G, Evans, J, Kurihara, Y, Guard, C (1994) Global climate change and tropical cyclones. Bulletin oftheAmericanMeteorologoical Society, 75,2147–2157
Marland, G(1990) Global and national C02, emission from fossil fuel burning, cement production, and gas flaring. In TA Boden, P Kanciruk, MP Farrell (eds.) TRENDS †90: A Compendium of Data on Global Change. ORNL/CDIAC-36. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Centre, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, pp. 92–93.
Meehl, G A, Washington, WM (1993) South Asian summer monsoon variability in a model with doubled atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. Science, 260,1101–1104.
Mintzer, IM (1992) Confronting Climate Change: Risks, Implications and Responses. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Mitchell, JFB, Gregory, JM (1992) Climate consequences of emissions and a comparison of IS92a and SA90. In JT Houghton, BA Callander, SK Varney (eds.) Climate Change 1992: the Supplementary Report to the IPCC Scientific Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 171–5.
Mitchell, JFB, Manabe, S, Tokioka, T, Meleshko, V (1990) Equilibrium climate change. In JT Houghton, GJ Jenkins, JJ Ephraums (eds.) Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 131–172.
Mooley, DA, Parthasarathy, B (1984) Fluctuations in all-Indian summer monsoon rainfall during 1871–1978. Climatic Change, 6,287–301.
Murphy, JM(1992) A prediction of the transient response of climate. Meteorological Office Climate Research Technical Note 32. UK Meteorological Office, Bracknell
Ramaswamy, V, Schwarzkopf, MD, Shine, KP (1992) Radiative forcing of climate from halocarbon-induced global stratospheric ozone loss. Nature, 355, 810–812.
Raper, SCB (1993) Observational data on the relationships between climatic change and the frequency and magnitude of severe tropical storms. In RA Warrick, EM Barrow, TML Wigley (eds) Climate and Sea Level Change: Observations, Projections and Implications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 192–214.
Rashid, HE (1991) The Geography of Bangladesh. University Press Limited, Dhaka.
Ropelewski, CF, Halpert, MS (1987) Global and regional scale precipitation patterns associated with the El Nino/Southern Oscillation. Monthly Weather Review, 115,1606–1626.
Ropelewski, CF, Halpert, MS (1989) Precipitation patterns associated with the high index phase of Southern Oscillation. Journal of Climate, 2,268–284.
Schimel, D, Enting, IG, Heimann, M, Wigley, TML, Raynaud, D, Alves, D, Siegenthaler, U (1995) C02and the Carbon Cycle. In JT Houghton, LG Meira Filho, J Bruce, Hoesung Lee, BA Callander, E Haites, N Harris, K. Maskell (eds.) Climate Change 1994: Radiative Forcing of Climate Change and an Evaluation of the IPCC IS92 Emission Scenarios. Published for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 35–71.
Shine, KP, Derwent, RG, Wuebbles, DJ, Morcrette, J-J. (1990) Radiative forces of climate. In JT Houghton, GJ Jenkins, JJ Ephraums (eds.) Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 41–68.
Steele, LP, Dlugokencky, EJ, Lang, PM, Tans, PP, Martin, RC, Masarie, KA (1992) Slowing down of the global accumulation of atmospheric methane during the 1980s. Nature, 358,313.
Stouffer, RJ, Manabe, S, Bryan, K (1989) Interhemispheric asymmetry in climate response to a gradual increase of atmospheric C02. Nature, 342, 660–62.
Tans, PP, Fung, IY, Takahashi, T (1990) Observational constraints on the global atmospheric carbon dioxide budget. Science, 247,1431–1438.
Tegart, WJMcG, Sheldon, GW, Griffiths, DC (1990) Climate Change: the IPCC Impacts Assessment. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) (1987) Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. UNEP, Nairobi.
Warrick, RA (1993) Slowing global warming and sea-level rise: the rough road from Rio. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 18,140–148.
Warrick, RA, Barrow, EM, Wigley, TML (1990) The Greenhouse Effect and its Implications for the European Community CEC EUR 12707 EN. (Available from HMSO).
Warrick, RA, Barrow, EM, Wigley, TML (1993) Climate and Sea Level Change: Observations, Projections and Implications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Warrick, RA, Rahman, AA (1992) Future sea level rise environmental and socio-political considerations. In I Mintzer (ed.) Confronting Climate Change: Risks, Implications and Responses. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 97–112.
Washington, WM, Meehl, GA (1989) Climate sensitivity due to increased C02: experiments with a coupled atmosphere and ocean general circulation model. Climate Dynamics, 4,1–38.
Watson, RT, Rodhe, H, Oeschger H, Siegenthaler U (1990) Greenhouse gases and aerosols. In JT Houghton, GJ Jenkins, J J Ephraums (eds.) Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 1–40
Watson, RT, Meira Filho, LG, Sanhueza, E, Janetos, A (1992) Greenhouse gases: sources and sinks. In JT Houghton, BA Callander, SK Varney (eds.) Climate Change 1992: The Supplementary Report to the IPCC Scientific Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 25–46.
Wigley, TML (1989) Possible climate change due to S02 -derived cloud condensation nuclei. Nature, 339,365–367.
Wigley, TML, Bamett, TP (1990) Detection of the greenhouse effect in the observations. In JT Houghton, GJ Jenkins, JJ Ephraums (eds.): Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 239–256.
Wigley, TML, Pearman, GI, Kelly, PM (1992) Indices and indicators of climate change: issues of detection, validation and climate sensitivity. In IM Mintzer (ed.) Confronting Climate Change: Risks, Implications and Responses. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 85–96.
Wigley, TML, Raper, SCB (1991) Detection of the enhanced greenhouse effect on climate. In J Jaeger, H Ferguson (eds.) Climate Change: Science, Impacts and Policy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 231–242.
Wigley, TML, Raper, SCB (1992) Implications for climate and sea level of revised IPCC emission scenarios. Nature, 357, 293–300.
Wigley, TML, Raper, SCB (1993) Future changes in global mean temperature and sea level. In RA Warrick, EM Barrow, TML Wigley (eds.), Climate and Sea Level Change: Observations, Projections and Implications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 111–113.
WMO (World Meteorological Organization) (1992) Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion. WMO/UNEP, WMO Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project, Report No. 25, Geneva.
World Bank (1991) The World Bank and the Environment. World Bank, Washington D.C.
World Bank (1994) Communication to the Administrator. Global Environment Facility (GEF).
WRI (World Resources Institute) (1990) World Resources 1990–1991 - A Guide to the Global Environment. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1996 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Warrick, R.A., Azizul Hoq Bhuiya, A.K., Mirza, M.Q. (1996). The Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change. In: Warrick, R.A., Ahmad, Q.K. (eds) The Implications of Climate and Sea–Level Change for Bangladesh. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0241-1_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0241-1_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-0-7923-4001-0
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-0241-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive