Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Fatty Acid Analysis in the Identification, Taxonomy and Ecology of (Plant Pathogenic) Bacteria

  • Chapter
Diagnosis and Identification of Plant Pathogens

Part of the book series: Developments in Plant Pathology ((DIPP,volume 11))

Abstract

Morphological patterns, that are very important in the classification of most organisms, have only limited value for bacteria. Moreover bacterial anatomy can only be reveiled by laborious electron microscopic methods. Therefore physiological, biochemical, serological and pathological reactions, determined using pure cultures, have been and are used to create recognition patterns for bacteria. These patterns were and are used for classification and identification, and a condensation of them in the form of tables and keys can be found in Bergey’s Manuals of Determinative and Systematic Bacteriology. A definition of such man-made patterns is: ‘the design made by the relations among a set of objects’ (Romesburg, 1984). The contrast between the relations determines the information content of the pattern. The above mentioned patterns are subject to several disadvantages: their generation is usually laborious, expensive and time consuming, their interpretation is liable to errors due to mutations, loss of pathogenicity, choice and quality of test media, etc.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abel, K., de Schmertzing, H., Peterson, J.I. (1963) Classification of micro-organisms by analysis of chemical composition. I. Feasibility of gas-chromatography. J. Bacteriol. 85, 1039–1044.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bentivenga, S.P. and Morton, J.B. (1994). Stability and heritability of fatty acid methyl ester profiles of glomelan endomycorrhizal fungi. Mycol. Res. 98, 1419–1426.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blomquist, G., Andersson, B., Andersson, K. and Brondz, I. (1992) Analysis of fatty acids. A new method for characterization of moulds. J. Microbiol. Methods 16, 59–68.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bowers, J.H., Kinkel, L.L., Jones, R.K. (1995) Classification of pathogenic strains of Streptomyces spp. using fatty acid analysis. Phytopathology 85, 1188 (Abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cother, E.J., Bradley, J.K., Gillings, M.R. and Fahy, P.C. (1992) Characterization of Erwinia chrysanthemi biovars in alpine water sources by biochemical properties, GLC fatty acid analysis and genomic DNA. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 73, 99–107.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Boer, S.H. and Sasser, M. (1986) Differentiation of Erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora and E. carotovora ssp. atroseptica on the basis of cellular fatty acid composition. Can. J. Microbiol. 32, 796–800.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Descheemaker, P. and Swings, J. (1995) The application of fatty acid methyl ester analysis (FAME) for the identification of heterotrophic bacteria in decaying Lede-stone of the St. Bavo Cathedral in Ghent. Sci. Total Environ. 167, 241–247.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dworzanski, J.P., Berwald, L. and Meuzelaar, H.L.C. (1990) Pyrolytic methylation-gas chromatography of whole bacterial cells for rapid profiling of cellular fatty acids. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56, 1717–1724.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eder, K. (1995) Gas chromatographic analysis of fatty acid methyl esters. J. Chromatography. B. Biomedical Applications 671, 113–131.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • El-Shabiny, L.M. and McDonough, P. (1993) Analysis of fatty acids of Mycoplasma cell. Veterinary Med. J. Giza 41, 5–7.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Faucher, E., Paradis, E., Goyer, C., Hodge, N.C., Hogue, R., Stall, R.E. and Beaulieu, C. (1995) Characterization of streptomycetes causing deep-pitted scab of potato in Quebec, Canada. Int. Syst. Bacteriol. 45, 222–225.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frachon, E., Hamon, S., Nicolas, L. and De Barjac, H. (1991) Cellular fatty acid analysis as a potential tool for predicting mosquitocidal activity of Bacillus sphaericus strains. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57, 3394–3398.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Graham, J.H., Hodge, N.C. and Morton, J.B. (1995) Fatty acid methyl ester profiles for characterization of glomalean fungi and their endomycorrhizae. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61, 58–64.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goodfellow, M. and Minnekin, D.E. (1985) Chemical methods in bacterial systematics. Academic Press, London, pp. 410.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haack, S.K., Garchow, H., Odelson, D.A., Forney, L.J. and Klug, M.J. (1994). Accuracy, reproducibility and interpretation of fatty methyl ester profiles of model bacterial communities. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60, 2483–2493.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hazeleger, W.C., Janse, J.D., Koenraad, F.J., Beumer, R.R., Rombouts, F.M. and Abee, T. (1995) Temperature-dependent membrane fatty acid and cell physiology changes in coccoid forms of Campylobacter jejuni. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61, 2713–2719.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henningson, P.J. and Gudmestad, N.C. (1991) Fatty acid analysis of phytopathogenic coryneform bacteria. J. Gen. Microbiol. 137, 427–440.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ikemoto, S., Kuraishi, H., Komagata, K., Azuma, R., Suto, T. and Murooka, H. (1978) Cellular fatty acid composition in Pseudomonas species. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. 24, 199–213.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jäger, J., Lorenz, D.H. and Eichhorn, K.W. (1990) Ein schneller Nachweis von Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus syn. Corynebacterium michiganense ssp. sepedonicum (Cms) im Gewebe von Kartoffelknollen und Auberginenpflanzen mit der Gas-Chromatographie der Ganzzell-Fettsäuren. Nachrichtenbl. Deut. Pflanzenschutzd. 42, 87–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Janse, J.D. (1991a) Pathovar discrimination within Pseudomonas syringae subsp. savastanoi using whole cell fatty acids and pathogenicity as criteria. System. Appl. Microbiol. 13, 79–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Janse, J.D. (1991b) Infra-and intraspecific classification of Pseudomonas solanacearum strains, using whole cell fatty acid analysis. System. Appl. Microbiol. 14, 335–345.

    Google Scholar 

  • Janse, J.D., Derks, J.H.J., Spit, B.E. and van der Tuin, W.R. (1992) Classification of fluorescent soft rot Pseudomonas bacteria, including P. marginalis strains, using whole cell fatty acid analysis. System. Appl. Microbiol. 15, 538–553.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Janse, J.D. (1995) New methods of diagnosis in plant pathology—perspectives and pitfalls. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin 25, 5–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Janse, J.D., Rossi, M.P., Angelucci, L., Scortichini, M., Derks, J.H.J, and Akkermans, A.D.L. (1996) Reclassification of Pseudomonas syringae pv. avellanae as Pseudomonas avellanae (spec, nov.), the bacterium causing canker of hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) System. Appl. Microbiol, (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, J.B., Chase, A.R., Hodge, N.C. and Stall, R.E. (1992) Xanthomonad diversity on Geranium leaves as determined by monoclonal antobodies MABS, carbon source utilization patterns, fatty acid analysis FAME and pathogenicity. Phytopathology 82, 1066 (Abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kämpfer, P. (1994) Limits and possibilities of total fatty acid analysis for classification and identification of Bacillus species. System. Appl. Microbiol. 17, 86–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kobayashi, D.Y., Stretch, A.W. and Oudemans, P.V. (1995). A bacterial leaf spot of highbush blueberry hardwood cuttings caused by Pseudomonas andropogonis. Plant Disease 79, 839–842.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kori, Y., Furuya, N., Tsuno, K., Matsuyama, N. (1992) Differentiation of Erwinia chrysanthemi and E. carotovora subsp. carotovora by the cellular fatty acid analysis. J. Facult. Agr., Kyushu Univ. 37, 173–178.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lechevalier, H. and Lechevalier, M.P. (1989) Chemotaxonomic use of lipids—an overview, in C. Ratledge and S.G. Wilkinson (eds.), Microbial Lipids Vol. 1, Academic Press, London, pp. 869–902.

    Google Scholar 

  • Legard, D.E., McQuilken, M.P., Whipps, J.M., Fenlon, J.S., Fermor, T.R., Thompson, I.P., Bailey, M.J. and Lynch, J.M. (1994) Studies of seasonal changes in the microbial populations on the phyllosphere of spring wheat as a prelude to the release of a genetically modified microorganism. Agric. Ecosystems & Environ. 50, 87–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mclnroy, J.A. and Kloepper, J.W. (1995) Survey of indigenous bacterial endophytes from cotton and sweet corn. Plant and Soil 173, 337–342.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mirza, M.S., Janse, J.D., Hahn, D. and Akkermans, A.D.L. (1991) Identification of atypical Frankia strains by fatty acid analysis. FEMS Microbiol. Letters 83, 91–98.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moss, C.W., Dees, S.B. and Guerrant, G.O. (1980) Gas-liquid chromatography of bacterial fatty acids with a fused-silica capillary column. J. Clin. Microbiol. 12, 127–130.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peros, J.P., Girard, J.C., Lombard, H., Janse, J.D. and Berthier, Y. (1994) Variability of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vasculorum from sugarcane and other Graminae in Reunion Island. Characterization of a different Xanthomonad. J. Phytopathol. 142, 177–188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Persson, P. and Sletten, A. (1994) Fatty acid analysis for the identification of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora and E. carotovora subsp. carotovora. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin 25, 151–156.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rainey, P.B., Bailey, M.J. and Thompson, I.P. (1994) Phenotypic and genotypic diversity of fluorescent pseudomonads isolated from field-grown sugar beet. Microbiology (Reading) 140, 2315–2331.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ratledge, C. and Wikinson, S.G. (1989a) Microbial lipids, vol. 1. Academic Press, London, pp. 963.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ratledge, C. and Wikinson, S.G. (1989b) Microbial lipids, vol. 2. Academic Press, London, pp. 726.

    Google Scholar 

  • Romalde, J.L., Magarinos, B., Turnbull, K.D., Baya, A.M., Barja, J.M. and Toranzo, A.E. (1995) Fatty acid profiles of ‘Pasteurella’piscicida: comparison with other fish pathogenic gram-negative bacteria. Arch. Microbiol. 163, 211–216.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Romesburg, H.C. (1984) Cluster analysis for researchers. Lifetime Learning Publ., Belmont, USA, pp. 333.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rozes, N., Garcia-Jares, C., Larue, F. and Lonvaud-Funel, A. (1992) Differentiation between fermenting and spoilage yeasts in wine by total free fatty acid analysis. J. Sci. Food & Agric. 59, 351–357.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sasser, M. (1990) Identification of bacteria by gas chromatography of fatty acids. MIDI Techn. Note 101, pp. 7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sawada, H., Takikawa, Y. and Ieke, H. (1992) Fatty acid methyl ester profiles of the genus Agrobacterium. Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 58, 46–51.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scortichini, M., Stead, D.E. and Rossi, M.P. (1993) Oak decline: aerobic bacteria associated with declining Quercus cerris in Central Italy. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 23, 120–127.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siegel, J.P., Smith, A.R. and Novak, R.J. (1995) Cellular fatty acid analysis of Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis. J. Amer. Mosquito Control Assoc. 11, 176–185.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sneath, P.H.A. (1989) Analysis and interpretation of sequence data for bacterial systematics: the view of a numerical taxonomist. System. Appl. Microbiol. 12, 15–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stead, D.E. (1992) Grouping of plant-pathogenic and some other Pseudomonas spp. by using cellular fatty acid profiles. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 42, 281–295.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stead, D.E., Sellwood, J.E., Wilson, J. and Viney, I. (1992) Evaluation of a commercial microbial identification system based on fatty acid profiles for rapid, accurate identification of plant pathogenic bacteria. J. appl Bacteriol. 72, 315–321.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tonso, N.L., Matheson, V.G. and Holben, W.E. (1995) Polyphasic characterization of a suite of bacterial isolates capable of degrading 2, 4-D. Microbial Ecology, 30, 3–24.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vaisanen, O.M., Nurmiaho-Lassila, E.L., Marmo, S.A., Salkinoja-Salonen, M.S. (1994) Structure and composition of biological slimes on paper and board machines. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60, 641–653.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van den Boom, T. and Cronan, J.E. (1989) Genetics and regulation of bacterial lipid metabolism. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 43, 317–343.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van der Zwet, T. (1985) Characterization of Erwinia amylovora through fatty acid profiling. Phytopathology 75, 1281 (Abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Vauterin, L., Yang, P., Alvarez, A., Takikawa, Y., Roth, D.A., Vidaver, A.K., Stall, R.E., Kersters, K. and Swings, J. (1996a) Identification of non-pathogenic Xanthomonas strains associated with plants. System. Appl. Microbiol. 19, 96–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vauterin, L., Yang, P., Hoste, B., Pot, B., Swings, J. and Kersters, K. (1992) Taxonomy of xanthomonads from cereals and grasses based on SDS-PAGE of proteins, fatty acid analysis and DNA hybridization. J. Gen. Microbiol. 138, 1467–1477.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vauterin, L., Yang, P., Hoste, B., Vancanneyt, M., Civerolo, E.L., Swings, J., Kersters, K. (1991) Differentiation of Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri strains by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of proteins, fatty acid analysis, and DNA-DNA hybridization. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 41, 535–542.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vauterin, L., Yang, P., Swings, J.M., Nakase, T. and Komagata, K. (1996b) Utilization of fatty acid methyl esters for the differentiation of new Xanthomonas species. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 46, 298–304.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yabuuchi, E., Kosako, Y., Yano, I., Hotta, H. and Nishiuchi, Y. (1995) Transfer of two Burkholderia and an Alcaligenes species to Ralstonia gen. nov.: Proposal of Ralstonia pickettii (Ralston, Palleroni & Douderoff 1973) comb. nov., Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith 1896) comb. nov. and Ralstonia eutropha (Davis, 1969) comb. nov. Microbiol. Immun. 39, 879–904.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang, P., Vauterin, L., Vancanneyt, M., Swings, J. and Kersters, K. (1993) Application of fatty acid methyl esters for the taxonomic analysis of the genus Xanthomonas. System. Appl. Microbiol. 16, 41–71.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Bacteriology, Plant Protection Service, P.O. Box 9102, 6700HC, Wageningen, the Netherlands

    J. D. Janse

Authors
  1. J. D. Janse
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Plant Diseases, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitaet Bonn, Nussallee 9, D-53115, Bonn, Germany

    H.-W. Dehne

  2. Institute of Applied Botany, Dept. of Plant Protection, University of Hamburg, Germany

    G. Adam

  3. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Via delle Sette Chiese 142, 00145, Rome, Italy

    M. Diekmann

  4. Landwirtschaftskammer Westfalen-Lippe, Institut für Pflanzenschutz, Nevinghoff 40, 48147, Münster, Germany

    J. Frahm

  5. Agrochemicals Division, Research / Fungicides, Bayer AG, D-51368, Leverkusen, Germany

    A. Mauler-Machnik

  6. Plant Protection Service, P.O. Box 80048, 6700 HC, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    P. van Halteren

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1997 Kluwer Academic Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Janse, J.D. (1997). Fatty Acid Analysis in the Identification, Taxonomy and Ecology of (Plant Pathogenic) Bacteria. In: Dehne, HW., Adam, G., Diekmann, M., Frahm, J., Mauler-Machnik, A., van Halteren, P. (eds) Diagnosis and Identification of Plant Pathogens. Developments in Plant Pathology, vol 11. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0043-1_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0043-1_13

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-6508-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-0043-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation