Abstract
In a context of growing environmental constraints and economic uncertainties, how is it possible to facilitate transitions towards more ecological forms of agriculture? In this chapter, changes in practices from conventional agriculture towards organic farming (OF) are investigated by combining sociological and agronomical studies of farmers’ trajectories conducted in the fruit and vegetable sectors. We specifically explore the potential of combinations of systems, both at the level of production and in terms of marketing outlets. We analyse the processes of adoption of alternative crop protection strategies using the Efficiency-Substitution-Redesign grid developed by biological and agricultural scientists. The combination of diversified systems of production (including organic and IPM) and marketing channels (including short and long food supply chains) might provide promising transition pathways for organic farmers. We also examine the conditions that enable such transitions, involving learning processes, collective and territorial dynamics and the ability of the networks to overcome the classical frontier between organic and conventional agricultures. Our three French case studies, which cover a wide range of marketing networks and diversification levels, show that a robust ecologisation of agricultural practices requires the redesign of both technical agricultural systems, as well as the larger interactions within agri-food systems and non-agricultural networks.
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Notes
- 1.
This Framework Directive on the Sustainable Use of Pesticides was adopted by the European Parliament on 13 January 2009 to replace Directive 91/414/EEC.
- 2.
A collective scientific body of experts whose aim is to assess what would be the consequences of a 50 % reduction in pesticide use at the national production level.
- 3.
In Europe, according to organic farming legislation, transition to OF does not imply the conversion of the entire farm area, providing that organic and conventional crops and products can be clearly distinguished (RCE 834/2007).
- 4.
AMAP (Associations for the Maintenance of “Peasant” Agriculture) are comparable to Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) initiatives.
- 5.
POPSY (2008–2012) and Dynrurabio research projects (2011–2014; http://www.inra.fr/comite_agriculture_biologique/media/les_recherches/programme/anr/systerra_2010_fiche_dynrurabio).
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Lamine, C., Navarrete, M., Cardona, A. (2014). Transitions Towards Organic Farming at the Farm and at the Local Scales: The Role of Innovative Production and Organisational Modes and Networks. In: Bellon, S., Penvern, S. (eds) Organic Farming, Prototype for Sustainable Agricultures. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7927-3_23
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