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Organic Farming, Prototype for Sustainable Agricultures pp 401–422Cite as

Considerations for Enabling the Ecological Redesign of Organic and Conventional Agriculture: A Social Ecology and Psychosocial Perspective

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Abstract

The main aim of this ‘critical position’ chapter is to provide a foundation and framework for developing effective local, contextual, collaborative, integrated planning and action for achieving sustainability within our food systems. Deep (eco-design/redesign-based) organics is distinguished from shallow (substitution-based) organics by the originator of these terms. A discussion is provided of the redesign implications for a transition from conventional agriculture and shallow organics to the more sustainable deep organics, using social ecology and associated ‘testing questions’ relating to personal, social, ecological and general aspects, as a framework for implementation. In addition to documenting the historical origins of these concepts and arguing for their relevance to achieving sustainability within food systems, emphasis is placed on the need to understand and address the psychological and psychosocial roots of the unsustainability challenges to modern societies. Failure to do this is considered as a main reason for the limited progress that has been made in addressing most current problems. Also, proactive, ecodesign-based preventative approaches to problems are advocated over reactive, curative approaches.

An Efficiency-Substitution-Redesign (ESR) progression in relation to change is illustrated using pest control to characterise the differences between the stages involved.

It is acknowledged that the changes being advocated here will require a fundamental shift in the paradigms underlying current dominant thinking and action. An innovative, proactive approach to enabling such a shift and facilitate meaningful change, based on ‘lying’, is provided.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    See also: White (1991).

  2. 2.

    This is an extension of Coleman’s earlier ‘plant-positive’ approach to production; Coleman and Ridgeway (1983).

  3. 3.

    Until very recently, for nearly 100 years, virtually all research funding had been channeled to conventional agriculture.

  4. 4.

    See also: Hill (2004 b).

  5. 5.

    deMause (2002) prefers the term helping.

  6. 6.

    See also: Hill (2005c, 2006); Mulligan and Hill (2001); Yeomans (2005).

  7. 7.

    See also: Hill (2005c, 2011b). A lecture based on the ideas presented in this chapter is available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mzY1eZLwOdk.

  8. 8.

    The failure to appreciate the significance of Yeomans’ design work in Australia is apparent from the recent rejection of an application to preserve his farm as a Heritage site where design research could have been continued, and its likely conversion into a housing estate (http://nrdcaa.blogspot.com/).

  9. 9.

    See also: Savory and Butterfield (1999); Butterfield et al. (2006).

  10. 10.

    See also: Gliessman (1997), Warner (2007), Wezel et al. (2009).

  11. 11.

    Outstanding examples include: Aberley (1994); Alexander (2002); Alexander et al. (1977); Glickson and Mumford (1971); Papanek (1995); Soleri (2006); Todd (2006); Van der Ryn and Cowan (2007).

  12. 12.

    Yeang (2013); see also: Marshall (2009).

  13. 13.

    The best example and model I am familiar with for achieving this is from the health field: the Peckham Experiment in the UK (Williamson and Pearse (1980); Stallibrass (1989).

  14. 14.

    For its effects on the Canadian food system, see: Koc et al. (2008).

  15. 15.

    A lecture based on the ideas presented in this chapter is available at: (www.youtube.com/watch?v=mzY1eZLwOdk), and my research in this area is ongoing.

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  1. School of Education,, University of Western Sydney (Kingswood Campus), Locked Bag 1797, NSW 2751, Penrith, Australia

    Stuart B. Hill

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  1. Unité Ecodéveloppement, INRA, Avignon Cedex 09, France

    Stéphane Bellon

  2. Unité Ecodéveloppement, INRA, Avignon Cedex 09, France

    Servane Penvern

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Hill, S. (2014). Considerations for Enabling the Ecological Redesign of Organic and Conventional Agriculture: A Social Ecology and Psychosocial Perspective. In: Bellon, S., Penvern, S. (eds) Organic Farming, Prototype for Sustainable Agricultures. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7927-3_22

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