Skip to main content

Assessing Psychological Injuries and Malingering: PTSD and Evaluee Considerations

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Malingering, Feigning, and Response Bias in Psychiatric/ Psychological Injury

Part of the book series: International Library of Ethics, Law, and the New Medicine ((LIME,volume 56))

  • 1503 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter and the next one conclude the series of chapters on assessment in forensic disability and related determinations. It begins with a section on a primary topic in this monograph – malingered PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder). Then, it examines evaluee factors as opposed to evaluator factors that might influence the assessment process. The next chapter deals with disability and report writing and, for the latter purpose, attempts an integration of evaluee factors in assessment. I developed my own tables for the task based on the many tables culled from literature that have been presented over the chapters on the topic.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. 1994. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andrikopoulos, J., and M.F. Greiffenstein. 2012. Something to talk about? The status of post-traumatic stress disorder in clinical neuropsychology. In Forensic neuropsychology: A scientific approach, 2nd ed, ed. G.J. Larrabee, 365–400. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beltrutti, D., A. Lamberto, G. Barolat, S.P. Bruehl, D. Doleys, E.S. Krames, M. Meglio, R. North, K. Olson, E. Reig, B. Simpson, D. Turk, G. Aronoff, and R. Melzack. 2004. The psychological assessment of candidates for spinal cord stimulation for chronic pain management. Pain Practice 4: 204–221.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ben-Porath, Y.S., and A. Tellegen. 2008/2011. MMPI-2-RF: Manual for administration, scoring, and interpretation. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Block, A.R., R.J. Gatchel, W.W. Deardorff, and R.D. Guyer. 2003. The psychology of spine surgery. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Briere, J. 1995. Trauma symptoms inventory professional manual. Odessa: Psychological Assessment Resources.

    Google Scholar 

  • Briere, J. 2001. Detailed assessment of posttraumatic stress professional manual. Odessa: Psychological Assessment Resources.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruns, D., and J.M. Disorbio. 2009. Assessment of biopsychosocial risk factors for medical treatment: A collaborative approach. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings 16: 127–147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Butcher, J.N., W.G. Dahlstrom, J.R. Graham, A. Tellegen, and B. Kaemmer. 1989. Manual for the restandardized Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory: MMPI-2. An interpretive guide. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butcher, J.N., J.R. Graham, Y.S. Ben-Porath, A. Tellegen, W.G. Dahlstrom, and G. Kaemmer. 2001. Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory-2: Manual for administration and scoring, 2nd ed. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carone, D.A. 2013. Strategies for non-neuropsychology clinicians to detect noncredible presentations after mild traumatic brain injury. In Mild traumatic brain injury: System validity assessment and malingering, ed. D.A. Carone and S.S. Bush, 203–229. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Craig, K.D., and M.A. Badali. 2004. Introduction to the special series on pain deception and malingering. Clinical Journal of Pain 20: 377–382.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, C.H. 2002. Self-perception in mild traumatic brain injury. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 81: 609–621.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • den Boer, J.J., R.A. Oostendorp, T. Beems, M. Munneke, M. Oerlemans, and A.W. Evers. 2006. A systematic review of bio-psychosocial risk factors for an unfavourable outcome after lumbar disc surgery. European Spine Journal 15: 527–536.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doleys, D.M., and K. Olsen. 1997. Psychological assessment implantable pain therapies. Minneapolis: Medtronicso.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferguson, R.J., W. Mittenberg, D.F. Barone, and B. Schneider. 1999. Postconcussion syndrome following sports-related head injury: Expectation as etiology. Neuropsychology 13: 582–589.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • First, M.B., R.L. Spitzer, M. Gibbon, and J.B.W. Williams. 1997. User’s guide for the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders (SCID-I: Clinician). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gold, L.H., and D.W. Shuman. 2009. Evaluating mental health disability in the workplace: Model, process, and analysis. New York: Springer Science + Business Media.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Green, P. 2004. Manual for Medical Symptom Validity Test (MSVT) user’s manual and program. Edmonton: Green’s.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, P. 2005. Green’s Word Memory Test for Windows: User’s manual. Edmonton: Green’s.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunstad, J., and J.A. Suhr. 2001. “Expectation as etiology” versus “the good old days”: Postconcussion syndrome symptom reporting in athletes, headache sufferers, and depressed individuals. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 7: 323–333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gunstad, J., and J.A. Suhr. 2004. Cognitive factors in postconcussion syndrome symptom report. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 19: 391–405.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hahn, R.A. 1997. The nocebo phenomenon: Concept, evidence, and implications for public health. Preventive Medicine 26(5, Pt 1): 607–611.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hathaway, S.R., and J.C. McKinley. 1943. The Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory, Rev ed. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howe, L.L.S. 2012. Distinguishing genuine from malingered posttraumatic stress disorder in head injury litigation. In Detecting of malingering during head injury litigation, 2nd ed, ed. C.R. Reynolds and A.M. Horton Jr., 301–331. New York: Springer Science + Business Media.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Ingram, T.A., J.S. Dowben, K.D. Froelich, and N.L. Keltner. 2012. Biological perspectives: Detecting malingering of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care 48: 70–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iverson, G.L., and R.T. Lange. 2012. Traumatic brain injury in the workplace. In Neuropsychological assessment of work-related injuries, ed. S.S. Bush and G.L. Iverson, 9–67. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iverson, G.L., R.T. Lange, B.L. Brooks, and L.V. Ashton Rennison. 2010. “Good old days” bias following mild traumatic brain injury. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 24: 17–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kane, A.W., and J.A. Dvoskin. 2011. Evaluation for personal injury claims. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kay, T., B. Newman, M. Cavallo, O. Ezrachi, and M. Resnick. 1992. Toward a neuropsychological model of functional disability after mild traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychology 6: 371–384.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kidd, D.H., and R.B. North. 1996. Spinal cord stimulation: An effective and cost saving treatment in management of chronic pain. In Pain treatment centers at crossroads: A practical and conceptual reappraisal, Progress in pain treatment and management, vol. 7, ed. M.J.M. Cohen and J.N. Campbell. Seattle: IASP Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lareau, C.R. 2011. Posttraumatic stress disorder and acute stress disorder. In Coping with psychiatric and psychological testimony, 6th ed, ed. D. Faust, 610–635. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lees-Haley, P.R., C.W. Williams, N.D. Zasler, S. Marguilies, L.T. English, and K.B. Stevens. 1997. Response bias in plaintiffs’ histories. Brain Injury 11: 791–799.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martelli, M.F., K. Nicholson, N.D. Zasler, and M.C. Bender. 2012. Assessing and addressing response bias. In Brain injury medicine: Principles and practice, 2nd ed, ed. N.D. Zasler, D.I. Katz, and R.D. Zafonte, 1415–1436. New York: Demos.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, H.A. 2001. M-FAST: Miller-Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test professional manual. Odessa: Psychological Assessment Resources.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morel, K.R. 1995. Use of the binomial theorem in detecting fictitious posttraumatic stress disorder. Anxiety Disorders Practice Journal 2: 55–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morel, K.R. 1998. Development and preliminary validation of a forced-choice test of response bias for posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Personality Assessment 70: 299–314.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morel, K.R. 2010. Differential diagnosis of malingering versus posttraumatic stress disorder: Scientific rationale and objective scientific methods. New York: Nova.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morey, L. 1991. Personality assessment inventory: Professional manual. Odessa: Psychological Assessment Resources.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morey, L. 2007. Personality assessment inventory: Professional manual, 2nd ed. Lutz: Psychological Assessment Resources.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, D.V., M. Kennington, D.M. Novey, and P. Squitieri. 1996. Psychological selection criteria for implantable spinal cord stimulators. Pain Forum 5: 93–103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pella, R.D., B.D. Hill, A.N. Singh, J.S. Hayes, and W.D. Gouvier. 2012. Noncredible performance in mild traumatic brain injury. In Detection of malingering during head injury litigation, 2nd ed, ed. C.R. Reynolds and A.M. Horton Jr., 121–150. New York: Springer Science + Business Media.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Resnick, P.J., S. West, and J.W. Payne. 2008. Malingering of posttraumatic disorders. In Clinical assessment of malingering and deception, 3rd ed, ed. R. Rogers, 109–127. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, R., R.M. Bagby, and S.E. Dickens. 1992. Structured interview of reported symptoms. Odessa: Psychological Assessment Resources.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rondinelli, R.D., E. Genovese, R.T. Katz, T.G. Mayer, K.L. Mueller, M.I. Ranavaya, and C.R. Brigham (eds.). 2008. Guides to the evaluation of permanent impairment, 6th ed. Chicago: American Medical Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosen, G.M., and B.K. Grunert. 2012. Posttraumatic stress disorder in the workplace. In Neuropsychological assessment of work-related injuries, ed. S.S. Bush and G.L. Iverson, 163–186. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silver, J.M. 2012. Effort, exaggeration and malingering after concussion. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 83: 836–841.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simon, R.I., and A.A. Abrams. 2011. Clinical legal issues. In Textbook of traumatic brain injury, 2nd ed, ed. J.M. Silver, T.W. McAllister, and S.C. Yudofsky, 533–552. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suhr, J.A., and J. Gunstad. 2002. “Diagnosis Threat”: The effect of negative expectations on cognitive performance in individuals with mild head injury. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 24: 448–457.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suhr, J.A., and J. Gunstad. 2005. Further exploration of the effect of “diagnosis threat” on cognitive performance in individuals with mild head injury. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 11: 23–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, S., B.C. Frueh, and G.J. Asmundson. 2007. Detection and management of malingering in people presenting for treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: Methods, obstacles, and recommendations. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 21: 22–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tombaugh, T.N. 1996. TOMM: The Test of Memory Malingering manual. North Tonawanda: Multi-Health Systems.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, D.A., C. Gehrman, J. Ashmore, and F.J. Keefe. 2003. Psychological considerations in the surgical treatment of patients with chronic pain. Techniques in Neurosurgery 8: 168–175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, J.P., and T.A. Moran. 2004. Forensic/clinical assessment of psychological trauma and PTSD in legal settings. In Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD, 2nd ed, ed. J.P. Wilson and T.M. Keane, 603–636. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Worthen, M.D., and R.G. Moering. 2011. A practical guide to conducting VA compensation and pension exams for PTSD and other mental disorders. Psychological Injury and Law 4: 187–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Young, G. (2014). Assessing Psychological Injuries and Malingering: PTSD and Evaluee Considerations. In: Malingering, Feigning, and Response Bias in Psychiatric/ Psychological Injury. International Library of Ethics, Law, and the New Medicine, vol 56. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7899-3_13

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics