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Energy Inputs In Pest Control Using Pesticides In New Zealand

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Integrated Pest Management

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Abstract

This chapter examines the energy consumption of pesticide applications in New Zealand. Energy use in pest control using pesticides is investigated in the horticultural, arable, pastoral and forestry sectors, based on 30 different groups of farm products.

On average, total energy consumption in pesticide applications in New Zealand was estimated at about 2,350,757 GJ. Energy use in pesticide applications was about 160 MJ/ha. The pastoral and horticultural sectors are ranked first and second in terms of total energy usage for pesticide applications, at about 1,109,389 GJ and 704,511 GJ, respectively. The horticultural sector has the most intensive pesticide consumption at around 5,855 MJ/ha.

The total operational energy was about 20 % of total energy use in pest control of which 90 % was for fuel. Herbicides are applied more than other pesticide in most agricultural sectors; therefore, the energy equivalent of herbicides is ranked first with 1,353,503 GJ and 58 % of total energy use. Fungicides and insecticides are mostly used in the horticultural sector.

Total CO2 emissions from pesticide applications was estimated at around 145857 t, or approximately 10 kg/ha.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Biothermal is a roadside weed maintenance contractor in Auckland.

Abbreviations

ATV:

All Terrain Vehicles

FAO:

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

GDP:

Gross domestic product

PTO:

Power Take off

SVFC:

Specific volumetric fuel consumption

SVFE:

Specific volumetric fuel efficiency

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Management and Property Studies, Lincoln University, PO Box 84, 7647, Christchurch, Lincoln, New Zealand

    Dr. Majeed Safa

  2. Pesticide Action Network Aotearoa New Zealand, PO Box 296 Ostend, Waiheke Island, 1843, Auckland, New Zealand

    Dr. Meriel Watts

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  1. Dr. Majeed Safa
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Correspondence to Majeed Safa .

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  1. Department of Entomology, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA

    David Pimentel

  2. FOA Chatha Div. Agricultural Extension Education, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu, India

    Rajinder Peshin

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Safa, M., Watts, M. (2014). Energy Inputs In Pest Control Using Pesticides In New Zealand. In: Pimentel, D., Peshin, R. (eds) Integrated Pest Management. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7796-5_4

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