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Flow on the Surface of the Tracheal Lumen by Ciliary Motion of Asymmetric Axonemal Structures

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Visualization and Simulation of Complex Flows in Biomedical Engineering

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computational Vision and Biomechanics ((LNCVB,volume 12))

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Abstract

Recently, advances in optics and digital image processing techniques have been accompanied by an improvement in the visualization of biologically complex flow by using fluorescent particles, such as particle image velocimetry (PIV) and particle tracking velocimetry (PTV). In addition, visualization of cellular ultrastructure using cryoelectron tomography has revealed the structural arrangements of cytoskeletal complexes and macromolecules in intracellular membranes and organelles. In this chapter, we focus on cilia-generated directional flow. Many eukaryotic cells have developed cilia, an organelle present on cell surfaces that enables motion and generates fluid flow on the cell surface. The complex flow and axonemal structure in mouse airways were previously not well understood. Here, we describe the flow field generated by asymmetric ciliary motion on the surface of sparsely distributed ciliated cells in mouse tracheal epithelial cells by the μ-PIV/PTV method. Moreover, we describe the axonemal structure of respiratory cilia by using data from cryoelectron tomography and image processing.

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Abbreviations

MT:

Microtubule

PCL:

Periciliary liquid layer

IDA:

Inner dynein arm

μ-PTV:

Micro-particle tracking velocimetry

μ-PIV:

Micro-particle image velocimetry

CF:

Cystic fibrosis

COPD:

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder

QDs:

Quantum dots

CCD:

Charge-coupled device

EMCCD:

Electron multiplier type CCD camera

PBS:

Phosphate buffered saline

ODA:

Outer dynein arm

DRC:

Dynein regulatory complex

IC:

Intermediate chain

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Takashi Ishikawa and Khanh Huy Buy for helpful advice of cryoelectron tomography and image processing, Takuji Ishikawa and Takami Yamaguchi for discussion of ciliary flow, and Toshiki Yagi for advice of the phylogenetic analysis. We took some cryo electron microscopic images using Tecnai G3 Polara in the Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University. This study was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) from the JSPS (No. 24770145) to Hironori Ueno and by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas ‘‘Nanomedicine Molecular Science’’ (No. 24107504) to Hironori Ueno from Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular Function and Life Sciences, Aichi University of Education, 1 Hirosawa, Igaya-cho, Kariya, 448-8542, Japan

    Hironori Ueno

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  1. Hironori Ueno
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Correspondence to Hironori Ueno .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. CEFT, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP), ESTiG, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Porto, Portugal

    Rui Lima

  2. Department of Biomedical Engineering and Robotics Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

    Yohsuke Imai

  3. Department of Bioengineering and Robotics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

    Takuji Ishikawa

  4. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Strathclyde, James Weir Fluids Lab, Glasgow, United Kingdom

    Mónica S. N. Oliveira

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Ueno, H. (2014). Flow on the Surface of the Tracheal Lumen by Ciliary Motion of Asymmetric Axonemal Structures. In: Lima, R., Imai, Y., Ishikawa, T., Oliveira, M. (eds) Visualization and Simulation of Complex Flows in Biomedical Engineering. Lecture Notes in Computational Vision and Biomechanics, vol 12. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7769-9_13

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7769-9_13

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