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The PAR Polarity Complex and Cerebellar Granule Neuron Migration

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Cellular and Molecular Control of Neuronal Migration

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 800))

Abstract

Proper migration of neurons is one of the most important aspects of early brain development. After neuronal progenitors are born in their respective germinal niches, they must migrate to their final locations to form precise neural circuits. A majority of migrating neurons move by associating and disassociating with glial fibers, which serve as scaffolding for the developing brain. Cerebellar granule neurons provide a model system for examination of the mechanisms of neuronal migration in dissociated and slice culture systems; the ability to purify these cells allows migration assays to be paired with genetic, molecular, and biochemical findings. CGNs migrate in a highly polarized fashion along radial glial fibers, using a two-stroke nucleokinesis cycle. The PAR polarity complex of PARD3, PARD6, and an atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) regulate several aspects of neuronal migration. The PAR polarity complex regulates the coordinated movements of the centrosome and soma during nucleokinesis, and also the stability of the microtubule cytoskeleton during migration. PAR proteins coordinate actomyosin dynamics in the leading process of migrating neurons, which are required for migration. The PAR complex also controls the cell-cell adhesions made by migrating neurons along glial cells, and through this mechanism regulates germinal zone exit during prenatal brain development. These findings suggest that the PAR complex coordinates the movement of multiple cellular elements as neurons migrate and that further examination of PAR complex effectors will not only provide novel insights to address fundamental challenges to the field but also expand our understanding of how the PAR complex functions at the molecular level.

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Acknowledgements

 We thank Sharon Naron, Niraj Trivedi, and Shalini Singh for editorial support in preparation of the manuscript. The Solecki Lab is funded by the American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities (ALSAC), by grant #1-FY12-455 from the March of Dimes, and by grant 1R01NS066936 from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NINDS or the National Institutes of Health.

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  1. Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Saint Jude Children’s Research Hospital, MS 325, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA

    Joseph S. Ramahi & David J. Solecki

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Correspondence to David J. Solecki .

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  1. GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium

    Laurent Nguyen

  2. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Niederösterreich, Austria

    Simon Hippenmeyer

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Ramahi, J.S., Solecki, D.J. (2014). The PAR Polarity Complex and Cerebellar Granule Neuron Migration. In: Nguyen, L., Hippenmeyer, S. (eds) Cellular and Molecular Control of Neuronal Migration. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 800. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7687-6_7

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