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Binder Chemistry – Low-Calcium Alkali-Activated Materials

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Alkali Activated Materials

Part of the book series: RILEM State-of-the-Art Reports ((RILEM State Art Reports,volume 13))

Abstract

Early developments in the developments of low-calcium (including calcium-free) alkali-activated binders were led by the work of Davidovits in France, as noted in Chap. 2. These materials were initially envisaged as a fire-resistant replacement for organic polymeric materials, with identification of potential applications as a possible binder for concrete production following relatively soon afterwards [1]. However, developments in the area of concrete production soon led back to more calcium-rich systems, including the hybrid Pyrament binders, leaving work based on the use of low-calcium systems predominantly aimed at high-temperature applications and other scenarios where the ceramic-like nature of clay-derived alkali-activated pastes was beneficial. Early work in this area was conducted with an almost solely commercial focus, meaning that little scientific information was made available with the exception of a conference proceedings volume [2], several scattered publications in other conferences, and an initial journal publication [3]. Academic research into the alkaline activation of metakaolin to form a binder material led to initial publications in the early 1990s [4, 5], and the first description of the formation of a strong and durable binder by alkaline activation of fly ash was published by Wastiels et al. [6–8]. With ongoing developments in fly ash activation, which offers more favourable rheology than is observed in clay-based binders, interest in low-calcium AAM concrete production was reignited, and work since that time in industry and academia has led to the development of a number of different approaches to this problem. A review of the binder chemistry of low-calcium AAM binder systems published in 2007 [9] has since received more than 350 citations in the scientific literature, indicating the high current level of interest in understanding and utilisation of these types of gels.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK

    John L. Provis

  2. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia

    John L. Provis

  3. Department of Cements and Materials Recycling, Instituto de Ciencias de la Construcción Eduardo Torroja (IETcc-CSIC), Madrid, Spain

    Ana Fernández-Jiménez & Angel Palomo

  4. Department of Materials and Environmental Engineering, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100, Modena, Italy

    Elie Kamseu & Cristina Leonelli

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  1. John L. Provis
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  2. Ana Fernández-Jiménez
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  3. Elie Kamseu
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  4. Cristina Leonelli
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  5. Angel Palomo
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Correspondence to John L. Provis .

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  1. Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom

    John L. Provis

  2. Dept. Chem. & Biomolecular Engng., Zeobond Group, Docklands, and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Jannie S. J. van Deventer

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Provis, J.L., Fernández-Jiménez, A., Kamseu, E., Leonelli, C., Palomo, A. (2014). Binder Chemistry – Low-Calcium Alkali-Activated Materials. In: Provis, J., van Deventer, J. (eds) Alkali Activated Materials. RILEM State-of-the-Art Reports, vol 13. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7672-2_4

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