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Mining Natural Variation for Maize Improvement: Selection on Phenotypes and Genes

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Book cover Genomics of Plant Genetic Resources

Abstract

Maize is highly genetically and phenotypically diverse. Tropical maize and teosinte are important genetic resources that harbor unique alleles not found in temperate maize hybrids. To access these resources, breeders must be able to extract favorable unique alleles from tropical maize and teosinte from their population genomic context, where they are linked with many undesired alleles that confer adaptation to tropical environments, ancient farming methods, or wild growth habit (in the case of teosinte). Long-term traditional breeding efforts have demonstrated the value of diverse germplasm to improve maize productivity, while also enhancing the genetic base of cultivated varieties. Genomics provides new opportunities to identify the genes affecting important agronomic traits and to estimate the wide range of allelic effects at such genes. New approaches to complex trait analysis, including joint multiple population analysis, genome-wide association analysis, and genomic selection, can leverage high throughput sequencing and genotyping technologies to improve our understanding of the genome-wide distribution of allele effects across the wide genetic variation in the primary gene pool of maize. Implementing this information for practical maize improvement remains a challenge.

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Acknowledgments

Research by SS, SF-G, and JBH is supported by US National Science Foundation (DBI-0321467 and IOS-0820619). We thank Drs. Jesús Sánchez-Gonzalez (University of Guadalajara) and Major M. Goodman (North Carolina State University) for the ears and photographs used in Fig. 25.1.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, 27695, Raleigh, NC, USA

    Shilpa Sood & James B. Holland

  2. USDA-ARS Plant Genetics Research Unit, 65211, Columbia, MO, USA

    Sherry Flint-Garcia

  3. Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maiz y Trigo (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Edo. de México, México

    Martha C. Willcox

  4. USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Unit, 27695, Raleigh, NC, USA

    James B. Holland

  5. Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, 65211, Columbia, MO, USA

    Sherry Flint-Garcia

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  1. Shilpa Sood
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  4. James B. Holland
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Correspondence to Shilpa Sood .

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  1. Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

    Roberto Tuberosa

  2. Genebank, IPK, Gatersleben, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany

    Andreas Graner

  3. Bioversity International, Rome, Italy

    Emile Frison

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Sood, S., Flint-Garcia, S., Willcox, M., Holland, J. (2014). Mining Natural Variation for Maize Improvement: Selection on Phenotypes and Genes. In: Tuberosa, R., Graner, A., Frison, E. (eds) Genomics of Plant Genetic Resources. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7572-5_25

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