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The Application of ‘Omics’ Techniques for Cancers That Metastasise to Bone: From Biological Mechanism to Biomarkers

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Bone Metastases

Part of the book series: Cancer Metastasis - Biology and Treatment ((CMBT,volume 21))

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Abstract

The study of the mechanisms underlying the spread of cancer to sites of bone metastasis have benefitted greatly from recent advances in the high-throughput analysis of biomolecules using modern “omic” techniques. Omic-based profiling can provide both qualitative and quantitative data about the expression of key biomolecules within body fluids, tissues and sub-cellular compartments within both healthy and disease states. Individual omic platforms which analyse DNA-sequences (genomics), mRNA (transcriptomics), proteins (proteomics) and metabolites (metabolomics) have provided key information relating to the biological alterations which occur as a result of cancer spread to bone. Application of omic-techniques to both patient derived samples and animal models of bone metastasis have identified molecules which could serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of disease development. Biomarkers identified by omic techniques also offer the potential to assist in making cancer treatment decisions. Biomarkers identified by omic techniques require extensive validation in large patient cohorts and across multiple institutions before their adoption within clinical practice. The large number of potential biomarkers which have already been identified within pre-clinical omic-based studies in the field of bone metastatic cancer provides considerable promise for the future of both cancer detection and treatment.

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Abbreviations

APRIL:

A proliferation inducing ligand

BAFF:

B-cell activating factor

BCa:

Breast cancer

cDNA:

Complementary DNA

miRNA:

Micro-RNA

MM:

Multiple myeloma

mRNA:

Messenger RNA

MS:

Mass spectrometry

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

PCa:

Prostate cancer

TF:

Transcription factor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, 27, Palatine Road, Manchester, M20 3LJ, UK

    Steven L. Wood M.A., Ph.D.

  2. Cancer Research UK Clinical Fellow, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK

    Janet E. Brown MBBS, BMedSci, M.Sc., M.D., FRCP

Authors
  1. Steven L. Wood M.A., Ph.D.
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  2. Janet E. Brown MBBS, BMedSci, M.Sc., M.D., FRCP
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Steven L. Wood M.A., Ph.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Radiation Oncology, Bank of Cyprus Oncology Centre, Nicosia, Cyprus

    Vassilios Vassiliou

  2. Dept. Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Edward Chow

  3. Dept. Radiation Oncology, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece

    Dimitrios Kardamakis

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Wood, S.L., Brown, J.E. (2014). The Application of ‘Omics’ Techniques for Cancers That Metastasise to Bone: From Biological Mechanism to Biomarkers. In: Vassiliou, V., Chow, E., Kardamakis, D. (eds) Bone Metastases. Cancer Metastasis - Biology and Treatment, vol 21. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7569-5_7

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