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Long-Range Transport of Air Pollutants and Regional and Global Air Quality Modelling

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Air Quality Management

Abstract

The long-range transport of air pollutants from distant sources affects air quality in many parts of Canada. During long-range transport, meteorological conditions will vary and there will be sufficient time for chemical transformations to occur, allowing secondary pollutants such as ozone to form, and for the removal of pollutants by dry or wet processes. Regional and global air quality (AQ) models are the only tools available that can take into account the details of both pollutant emissions and this complex set of atmospheric processes and then predict the pollutant concentration and deposition fields that will result. This capability allows AQ models to provide important information and guidance for AQ management.

This chapter begins by reviewing the nature of long-range transport and its importance in Canada. Next, the capabilities of AQ models and some possible applications of these models to AQ management are discussed, the formulation and architecture of these models is described, a summary of the various regional and global AQ models that have been applied over the past three decades to support AQ management in Canada is provided, and some of the metrics that have been employed to quantify AQ impacts are reviewed. Lastly, three recent Canadian case studies are presented to provide concrete examples of how AQ models can be applied to AQ management.

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Acknowledgements

Ashu Dastoor would like to thank Daniel Jaffe, University of Washington-Bothell, for providing the 2004 Hg campaign measurement data and for helpful discussions. The authors would also like to acknowledge the many contributions to the three case studies by a number of colleagues, in particular Mathieu Rouleau of Health Canada and Didier Davignon, Jack Chen, Mehrez Samaali, Brett Taylor, and Marc Besner of EC for their contributions to the biodiesel study, Sylvain Ménard, Radenko Pavlovic, Hugo Landry, Sylvie Gravel, Alexander Kallaur, Samuel Gilbert, Jack Chen, Paul Makar, Wanmin Gong, Craig Stroud, Sunling Gong, Paul-André Beaulieu, and David Anselmo of EC for their help with the development and implementation of GEM-MACH, and Radenko Pavlovic for his help with the GEM-MACH figures. The careful review of a draft version of this chapter by Wanmin Gong of EC is also much appreciated.

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  1. Environment Canada, Toronto, Canada

    Michael D. Moran

  2. Environment Canada, Montreal, Canada

    Ashu Dastoor

  3. Environment Canada, Montreal, Canada

    Gilles Morneau

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    Eric Taylor

  2. Storm Consulting, Stittsville, Ontario, Canada

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Moran, M., Dastoor, A., Morneau, G. (2014). Long-Range Transport of Air Pollutants and Regional and Global Air Quality Modelling. In: Taylor, E., McMillan, A. (eds) Air Quality Management. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7557-2_4

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