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Managing Carbon

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Climate Change and United States Forests

Part of the book series: Advances in Global Change Research ((AGLO,volume 57))

Abstract

In the United States, net carbon (C) has increased in forests and harvested wood product stocks since the 1950s. Annual C storage currently accounts for 13 % of U.S. fossil fuel C emissions, and increased C storage is attributed to reforestation, regrowth of harvested forests, and use of forest products. In a warmer climate, U.S. forests could become a net C emitter of tens to hundreds of Tg C year−1 within a few decades. Carbon mitigation through forest management focuses on (1) increasing afforestation, avoiding deforestation, or both, (2) C management in existing forests, and (3) use of wood as biomass energy or in wood products. The mitigation potential of these strategies differs in timing and magnitude. Longer harvest intervals extend the time that C is stored in biomass, whereas increased growth rates accelerate uptake of C per unit time. Carbon can be stored in wood products for a variable length of time, oxidized to produce heat or electrical energy, or converted to liquid transportation fuels and chemicals that would otherwise come from fossil fuels. Wood products can also be used to substitute for other products that emit more greenhouse gases in manufacturing (e.g., concrete and steel). Life cycle assessment is used to evaluate C management strategies by focusing on the change in C storage or emissions over time. Public lands contain 37 % of the land area of the United States (76 % of which are managed by federal agencies), representing an important component of long-term C storage, although managing these lands for C benefits involves multiple jurisdictions, social objectives, and political factors. Management of C on private lands, and to some extent public lands, is affected by markets, regulations, taxes, and incentives that have only recently evolved to address climate change and C.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Forest Service, Madison, WI, USA

    Kenneth E. Skog

  2. National Research and Development Staff, U.S. Forest Service, Washington, DC, USA

    Duncan C. McKinley

  3. Northern Research Station, U.S. Forest Service, Newtown Square, PA, USA

    Richard A. Birdsey

  4. Rocky Mountain Research Station, U.S. Forest Service, Fort Collins, CO, USA

    Sarah J. Hines

  5. Northern Research Station, U.S. Forest Service, Saint Paul, MN, USA

    Christopher W. Woodall

  6. Fire and Aviation Management, U.S. Forest Service, Washington, DC, USA

    Elizabeth D. Reinhardt

  7. Southern Research Station, U.S. Forest Service, Raleigh, NC, USA

    James M. Vose

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  1. Kenneth E. Skog
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  2. Duncan C. McKinley
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  3. Richard A. Birdsey
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  4. Sarah J. Hines
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  5. Christopher W. Woodall
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  6. Elizabeth D. Reinhardt
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  7. James M. Vose
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Correspondence to Kenneth E. Skog .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Pacific Northwest Research Station, U. S. Forest Service, Seattle, Washington, USA

    David L. Peterson

  2. Southern Research Station, U. S. Forest Service, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA

    James M. Vose

  3. Research and Development, U. S. Forest Service, Arlington, Virginia, USA

    Toral Patel-Weynand

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Skog, K.E. et al. (2014). Managing Carbon. In: Peterson, D., Vose, J., Patel-Weynand, T. (eds) Climate Change and United States Forests. Advances in Global Change Research, vol 57. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7515-2_7

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