Technology and Capacity Building

Albert, Pauline J.; Werhane, Patricia; Rolph, Tim

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7479-7_2

Pauline J. Albert⁶,
Patricia Werhane⁷ &
Tim Rolph⁷

Part of the book series: The International Society of Business, Economics, and Ethics Book Series ((ISBEE,volume 3))

1389 Accesses

Abstract

Poverty is created and sustained by a system, not merely low income. A weak infrastructure precludes safe water, electricity, efficient food production and distribution. The absence of a rule of law and/or dangerous neighbors, poor education, and scarcity of health facilities all exacerbate poverty. All of these factors work together to create a system of poverty that becomes almost inescapable. In this chapter we include four cases of projects aimed at addressing the system of poverty. Eskom, the leading energy company in South Africa faced the daunting task of electrifying neglected communities in that country. The Volta River Project, demonstrates the difficulties of providing adequate power and water in Ghana. Transforming Education In Rural Haiti: Intel and L’Ecole De Choix, narrates a school project in earthquake-ravaged Haiti, and Zynga, a large interactive social gaming company, embarked on a series of efforts to raise funds through its games for various antipoverty initiatives in the developing world.

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Notes

1.
Fictitious name.
2.
For a brief historical perspective of South Africa, see Appendix 1; a historical description of Eskom’s background, Appendix 2; a description of the 1994 elections and the Reconstruction process that was outlined, Appendix 3; a description of Eskom’s corporate initiatives and policies under Apartheid, Appendix 4; and for a description of Eskom’s stated commitment to the South African reconstruction process, Appendix 5.
3.
Programs used to narrow the discriminatory gap between white and black South Africans.
4.
African National Congress, The Reconstruction and Development Programme, (Johannesburg, South Africa, 1994).
5.
People could settle on municipal lands under new South African law, which meant that thousands of people were constructing make-shift structures for houses in areas that were not designed for residential development (e.g., areas beside freeways and even airport runways).
6.
The South African Rand fluctuated against the U.S. dollar in the range of 3:1 in 1994 to 6:1 in 1998.
7.
Reconstructed from SA to Z: The Decision Maker’s Encyclopedia of the South Africa Market (Johannesburg: Eskom, 1996).
8.
One generation facility would cost approximately ZAR16 billion and take several years to build.
9.
Eskom annual report (Johannesburg), 1994.
10.
The Khoikhoi (aka the Hottentots).
11.
Louw, L., and F. Kendall. 1986. South Africa: The solution Ciskei, South Africa: Amagi Publications.
12.
Louw, L., and F. Kendall.
13.
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14.
The mining shafts were going deeper into the ground and needed to be ventilated.
15.
The first commercially supplied electricity in South Africa.
16.
Escom was renamed Eskom in 1987.
17.
South Africa has 91 % of the world's manganese reserves, 82 % of its platinum group metals, 58 % of its chrome, and 53 % of its gold. As a result, South African mines are deeper than any other country in the world, at depths of almost 4 km in places (e.g., Western Deep Levels Mine).
18.
Eskom annual report, 1997 (Johannesburg).
19.
Offei Ansah, Jon. 1995. South Africa: Large energy economy enjoyed by few. African Economic Digest, July 31. Although this fact is not emphasized in Eskom’s literature, it is likely that this excess capacity may be one of the main reasons why Eskom began electrifying schools and homes as early as 1988 and the early electrification programs in 1990.
20.
April 26–April 28, 1994.
21.
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22.
The Conference Board, 4.
23.
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24.
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29.
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30.
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36.
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45.
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School of Management and Business, St. Edward’s University, Austin, TX, USA
Pauline J. Albert
School of Business, De Paul University, Chicago, IL, USA
Patricia Werhane & Tim Rolph

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Pauline J. Albert
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Patricia Werhane
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Tim Rolph

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Albert, P.J., Werhane, P., Rolph, T. (2014). Technology and Capacity Building. In: Albert, P., Werhane, P., Rolph, T. (eds) Global Poverty Alleviation: A Case Book. The International Society of Business, Economics, and Ethics Book Series, vol 3. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7479-7_2

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