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General Structural and Functional Features of Molecular Chaperones

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Heat Shock Proteins of Malaria

Abstract

Molecular chaperones are a group of structurally diverse and highly conserved ubiquitous proteins. They play crucial roles in facilitating the correct folding of proteins in vivo by preventing protein aggregation or facilitating the appropriate folding and assembly of proteins. Heat shock proteins form the major class of molecular chaperones that are responsible for protein folding events in the cell. This is achieved by ATP-dependent (folding machines) or ATP-independent mechanisms (holders). Heat shock proteins are induced by a variety of stresses, besides heat shock. The large and varied heat shock protein class is categorised into several subfamilies based on their sizes in kDa namely, small Hsps (HSPB), Hsp40 (DNAJ), Hsp60 (HSPD/E; Chaperonins), Hsp70 (HSPA), Hsp90 (HSPC), and Hsp100. Heat shock proteins are localised to different compartments in the cell to carry out tasks specific to their environment. Most heat shock proteins form large oligomeric structures and their functions are usually regulated by a variety of cochaperones and cofactors. Heat shock proteins do not function in isolation but are rather part of the chaperone network in the cell. The general structural and functional features of the major heat shock protein families are discussed, including their roles in human disease. Their function is particularly important in disease due to increased stress in the cell. Vector-borne parasites affecting human health encounter stress during transmission between invertebrate vectors and mammalian hosts. Members of the main classes of heat shock proteins are all represented in Plasmodium falciparum, the causative agent of cerebral malaria, and they play specific functions in differentiation, cytoprotection, signal transduction and virulence.

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  1. Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit (BioBRU), Rhodes University, PO Box 94, 6140, Grahamstown, South Africa

    Adrienne L. Edkins & Aileen Boshoff

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  1. Adrienne L. Edkins
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  2. Aileen Boshoff
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Correspondence to Aileen Boshoff .

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  1. Dept. of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa

    Addmore Shonhai

  2. College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Gregory L. Blatch

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Edkins, A., Boshoff, A. (2014). General Structural and Functional Features of Molecular Chaperones. In: Shonhai, A., Blatch, G. (eds) Heat Shock Proteins of Malaria. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7438-4_2

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