Abstract
List of the English and botanical names of the plant species mentioned in this chapter.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abasloo A (2000) Site demands and quantitative and qualitative characteristics of oak and hornbeam species in Sutanchay forests of Arasbaran. M.Sc. thesis, University of Tarbiat Modares, Nour, 125p (In Persian)
Akhani H, Djamali M, Ghorbanalizadeh A, Ramezani E (2010) Plant biodiversity of the Hyrcanian relict forests, N Iran: an overview of the flora, vegetation, paleoecology and conservation. Pak J Bot 42:231–258, special issue
Alijanpour A (1995) Natural resources of Arasbaran. Research Center of Natural Resources and Livestock of East Azerbaijan province, Internal report, Tabriz, Iran, 50p (In Persian)
Alijanpour A, Eshaghi Rad J, Banej Shafiei A (2009) Comparison of woody plants diversity in protected and non-protected areas of Arasbaran forests. Iran J For Poplar Res 17(1):125–133 (In Persian)
Amani M, Hassani M (1999) Analysis the efforts made for natural regeneration of Beech (Fagus orientalis) at both trials of even-aged and uneven-aged stands at Sangdeh forests (East of Pole-Sefid). Pajouhesh-va-Sazandegi (Res Constr) Nat Resour 44:52–67, In Persian
Amirghasemi F, Sagheb-Talebi K, Dargahi D (2001) Natural regeneration structure in Arasbaran region (Sutanchay forest). Iran J For Poplar Res 6:1–61 (In Persian)
Anonymous (1990) Standortsansprüche der wichtigsten Baumarten. Auswertungs- und Informationsdienst für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten (AID). Niederschsisches Ministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten, Hannover, 32p
Anonymous (1999) Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the northern forests of Iran. Forest and Rang Organization, Technical Office, Tehran, 102p (In Persian)
Anonymous (2004) Iran natural resources; yesterday, today, tomorrow. International and Public Relation, Forest, Range and Watershed Organization, Tehran, 151p (In Persian)
Anonymous (2005) Forestry outlook study for West and Central Asia. The draft country outlook paper of Iran. Forest, Rang and Watershed Organization, Tehran, 33p (In Persian)
Anonymous (2008) Natural resources of Iran. Forest, Rang and Watershed Organization, Engineering Office, Tehran, 52p (In Persian)
Anonymous (2010) Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the northern forests of Iran. Forest and Rang Organization, Technical Office, Tehran, 10p (In Persian)
Assadi M (1985) Phytosociological study of Patom district in Kheiroud forest. M.Sc. thesis, University of Tehran, Faculty of Natural Resources, Karadj, Iran, 97p (In Persian)
Barnes BV, Zak DR, Denton SR, Spurr AH (1998) Forest ecology, 4th edn. Wiley, New York, 774 p
Barzegar-Ghazi A (2002) Status of yew sites in Kalibar- and Elginechay region of Arasbaran forests. M.Sc. thesis, University of Guilan, Faculty of Natural Resources, Some’eh Sara, 55p (In Persian)
Barzegar-Ghazi A (2011) Site demands of some forest tree species; cherry and maples in Arasbaran, East Azerbaijan province. Technical report, No: 0-100-170000-01-0000-84002, Publication of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, 45p (In Persian)
Berberian M, King GCP (1981) Towards a palaeogeography and tectonic evolution of Iran. Can J Earth Sci 18:210–265
Birang N, Javanshir A, Mojtahedi Y (2001) Flora of Azerbeijan. University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 300p (In Persian)
Bobek H (1953–1954) Klima und Landschaft Irans in vor- und frühgeschichtlicher Zeit. Geogr Jahresber Österr 25: 1–42
Browicz K (1989) Chorology of the Euxinian and Hyrcanian element in the woody flora of Asia. Plant Syst Evol 162:305–314
Djavanchir Khoie K (1967) Les chênes de l`Iran. PhD thesis, University de Montpellier, Faculté des Sciences, Montpellier, 223p
Djazirei MH (1965) Contribution á l’étude des forêts primaires de la Caspienne. Bull Inst Agron État Gembloux 33:36–71
Domoers M, Kaviani M, Schaefer D (1998) An analysis of regional and intra-annual precipitation variability over Iran using multivariate statistical methods. Theor Appl Climatol 61:151–159
Duchaufour Ph. (1970) Précis de pédologie. 3e édn. Masson et Cie, France, 480p
Ebady A, Omidvar A (2011) Relationship between some ecological factors and distribution of yew tree (Taxus baccata L.) in Arasbaran forests (Case study: Ilganechay and Horand regions). Iran J For Poplar Res 19(3):327–339 (In Persian)
Ebrahimi E (2011) Site demands of some forest tree species; oak (Quercus macranthera F&M) in Mazandaran province. Technical report, No: 0-100-170000-01-0000-84002, Publication of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, 39p (In Persian)
Esmailzadeh O, Hosseini SM (2007) The relationship between plants ecological groups and plant biodiversity indices in Afratakhteh Yew (Taxus baccata L.) reserve area. J Environ Stud 43:21–30, In Persian
Espahbodi K, Amani M, Mohammadnejad Kiasari S, Zare H, Jafari Gorzin B, Chabok A, Ehteshamzadeh M (2007) Distribution of wild service tree based on some ecological factors in Sangdeh forests, north of Iran. Iran J For Poplar Res 15(3):207–216 (In Persian)
Etemad V (2002) Quantitative and qualitative investigation of seed production of oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) in Mazandaran forests (Iran). PhD thesis, University of Tehran, Faculty of Natural Resources, Karadj, 260p (In Persian)
Fadaiey Khojaste M, Toghraie N, Pourmajidian M, Yazdi M (2010) Occurrence of Rhaeto-Liassic Gymnosperms flora (forests) of Shemshak formation in Kalat area, Gloestan province, northeastern Iran. Iran J For Poplar Res 18(3):485–497 (In Persian)
Fallah A (2000) Investigation on the natural beech (Fagus orientalis) stands structure in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces. PhD thesis, University of Tehran, Faculty of Natural Resources, Karadj, 202p (In Persian)
Frechen M, Kehl M, Rolf C, Sarvati R, Skowronek A (2009) Loess chronology of the Caspian lowland in Northern Iran. Quat Int 198:220–233
Frey W, Kürschner H (1979) Die epiphytische Mossvegetation im hyrkanischen Waldgebiet (Nordiran). Beih. Tübringer Atlas des Vorderen Orients, Reihe A (Naturwissenschaften)
Ghanbari Sharafeh A, Marvie Mohajer MR, Zobeiri M (2010) Natural regeneration of Yew in Arasbaran forests. Iran J For Poplar Res 18(3):380–389 (In Persian)
Ghanbari S, Zobeiri M, Heshmatol Vaezin SM, Shamekhi T (2010) Estimation of fruit production of Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) and Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) in Arasbaran forests. Iran J For Poplar Res 18(4):609–620 (In Persian)
Gorgi Bahri Y (1988) Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Querco-Carpinetum stands in Kheyroodkenar forest (Nowshahr). M.Sc. thesis, University of Tehran, Faculty of Natural Resources, Karadj, 47p (In Persian)
Green RN, Trowbridge RL, Klinka K (1993) Towards a taxonomic classification of humus forms, vol 39, Forest science monograph 29. Society of American Foresters, Bethesda, No 1, 49p
Habibi H (1983) Sole des chênaise du Nord-East de la region Caspienne de l’Iran (Leveh) et leur influence sur la qualité des peuplements. Iran J Nat Resour 37:21–34 (In Persian)
Habibi H (1985a) Les Sols des hêtraies des forêts Caspiennes et leur rôle sur les différents types de hêtraies. Iran J Nat Resour 38:1–16 (In Persian)
Habibi H (1985b) Les Sols des charmaies de la province Mazandaran, et leur relation avec la qualité du peuplement. Iran J Nat Res 38:17–26 (In Persian)
Habibi Kasseb H (1992) Fundaments of forest soil science. Tehran University Press, Tehran, No. 2118, 428p (In Persian)
Habibi H, Lessani MR (1986) A study of soils condition and tree quality in Yew (Taxus baccata L.) stands of Iran. Iran J Nat Resour 39:13–28 (In Persian)
Hamzeh’ee B, Safavi SR, Asri Y, Jalili A (2010) Floristic analysis and a preliminary vegetation description of Arasbaran Biosphere Reserve, NW Iran. Rostaniha 11(1):1–16 (In Persian)
Hassani M, Amani M (2009) Investigation on some qualitative and quantitative characteristics of oriental beech in the optimal phase (Case study: Sangdeh, Caspian forests of Iran. Iran J For Poplar Res 17(1):134–148 (In Persian)
Hosseini SM, Makhdoum M, Akbarinia M, Sagheb-Talebi K (2001a) Ecological capability of two natural Cypress sites in north of Iran. Daneshvar Sci-Res J Shahed Univ 31:57–68 (In Persian)
Hosseini SM, Makhdoum M, Akbarinia M, Sagheb-Talebi K (2001b) Ecological capability evaluation of two natural sites of Taxus baccata in the north of Iran. Pajouhesh-va-Sazandegi Nat Resour 51:66–72 (In Persian)
Jalili A, Hamzeh’ee B, Asri Y, Shirvany A, Yazdani S, Khoshnevis M, Zarrinkamar F, Ghahremani MA, Safavi R, Shaw S, Hodgson JG, Thompson K, Akbarzadeh M, Pakparvar M (2003) Soil seed banks in the Arasbaran protected area of Iran and their significance for conservation management. Biol Conserv 109:425–431
Javanshir K (1992) Study of the vegetation, agricultural general plan of Urmia water catchment. Planning Office of Ministry of Agriculture, Iran Jame Company, Tehran, 324p (In Persian)
Javanshir K (1999) History of the natural resource science of Iran. The Academy of Sciences of I.R. Iran and Ministry of Agriculture, Tehran, 470p (In Persian)
Kehl M, Sarvati R, Ahmadi H, Frechen M, Skowronek A (2005) Loess paleosol-sequences along a climatic gradient in Northern Iran. Eiszeitalter Gegenwart 55:149–173
Khalili A (1973) Precipitation patterns of Central Elburz. Theoret Appl Climatol 21:215–232
Khanjani Shiraz B (2009) Site demands of some forest tree species (Cerasus avium) in Golestan province. Technical report, No: 0-100-170000-01-0000-8402, Publication of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, 63p (In Persian)
Khosropour E, Heydari M, Etemad V, Marvie Mohajer MR (2011) Effect of physiography on asexual reproduction of Iron wood (Case study: Kheiroud forest). Iran J For Poplar Res 19(1):154–162 (In Persian)
Khosrotehrani K (1988) Stratigraphy of Iran and type sections of formations. University of Tehran Press, Tehran, 351 p (In Persian)
Knapp HD (2005) Die globale Bedeutung der Kaspischen Wälder. In: Nosrati K, Marvie Mohadjer R, Bode W, Knapp HD (eds) Schutz der Biologischen Vielfalt und integriertes Management der Kaspischen Wälder (nordiran). Bundesamt für Naturschutz, Bonn, pp 45–70
Leroy AGS, Arpe K (2007) Glacial refugia for summer-green trees in Europe and south-west Asia as proposed by ECHAM3 time-slice atmospheric model simulations. J Biogeogr 34:2115–2128
Lessani MR (1999) Yew (Taxus baccata L.). Publication of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, No. 210, 215p (In Persian)
Marvie-Mohadjer MR (1983) The structure of Iranian Oak-Forests (Quercus castaneifolia C.A.Mey.) in the eastern part of the Caspian forests. Iran J Nat Resour 37:41–56, In Persian
Mirbadin AR, Gorgi-Bahri Y, Namiranian M (2000) Determination of beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) seeding cycle at Caspian forests of Iran (Kelardasht). For Poplar Res 3:1–60 (In Persian)
Mirkazemi SZ (2009) Site demands of some forest tree species (Cerasus avium) in Golestan province. Technical report, No: 0-100-170000-01-0000-8402, Publication of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, 57p (In Persian)
Mobayen S, Tregubov V (1970) Guide pour la carte de la vegetation naturelle de l’Iran. Bull. no. 14, Universite de Tehran. Project UNDP/FAO, IRA 7, 20p
Mohajer N (2003) Investigation on best season and method of transplantation of Cupressus semepervirens var. horizontalis seedlings in Gorgan area. Iran J For Poplar Res 11(2):233–247 (In Persian)
Mohajer N (2010) Site demands of some forest tree species; Siberian elm (Zelkova carpinifolia). Technical report, No: 0-100-170000-01-0000-84002, Publication of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, 67p (In Persian)
Mohammadnejad Kiasari S, Sagheb-Talebi K, Rahmani R, Adeli E, Jafari B, Jafarzade H (2010) Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of plantations and natural forests at Darabkola, east of Mazandaran. Iran J For Poplar Res 18(3):337–351 (In Persian)
Montazeri AO, Mataji Amirroud E, Sagheb-Talebi K, Asadi M, Adeli E (2011) Paleontological studies of Hyrcanian forests, case study: north of central Alborz zone of Iran. Am J Sci Res 41:53–60
Mossadegh A (1971) Contribution a létude des peuplements de Taxus baccata L. en Iran. Rev Forestier 23:645–648
Naginezad A, Bahari SH, Gholizadeh H, Esmaeili R, Hamzeh’ee B, Djamali M, Moradi H (2012) A phytosociological survey of two lowland Caspian (Hyrcanian) remnant forests, Northern Iran, for validation of some forest syntaxa. Phytol Balc 18(2):173–186
Nahrli D, Alijanpour A, Chalipapour M (1999) Arasbaran biosphere reserve. In: Proceedings of Arasbaran biosphere conference. Tabriz Environmental Protection Organization, Tabriz, 85p (In Persian)
Ortvald Erichsen E (2012) Genetic diversity of Fraxinus excelsior in northern Iran – a resource for adaptation of European forests? M.Sc. thesis, Forest and Landscape University of Copenhagen, 42p
Panahi P, Jamzad Z, Pourmajidian MR, Fallah A, Pourhashemi M (2011) A revision of Chestnut-leaved oak (Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey.; Fagaceae) in Hyrcanian forests of Iran. Caspian J Environ Sci 9(2):145–158
Pourmajidian MR (2000a) Silvicultural characteristics and reproduction methods of Sorbus torminalis (L.) Gratz in western Mazandaran (Iran). PhD thesis, University of Tehran, Faculty of Natural Resources, Karadj, 257p (In Persian)
Pourmajidian MR (2000b) Investigation on germination and propagation of service tree (Sorbus torminalis) in western part of Hyrcanian forests of Iran. Iran J Nat Resour 53(2):131–139 (In Persian)
Probst W (1981) Zur Vegetationsgeschichte und Klimaentwicklung des Südkaspischen Waldgebietes (Nordiran). In: Frey W, Ueperman HPh (eds) Beiträge zur Umweltgeschichte des Vorderen Orients. Beihefte zum Tübringer Atlas des Vorderen Orients, Reihe A (Naturwiss.), Nr., vol 8, pp 26–39
Rasaneh Y, Moshtagh Kahnamoie MH, Salehi P (2001) Quantitative and qualitative investigation on forests of northern Iran. In: Proceedings of the national meeting on Management of Northern Forests in Iran, Ramsar, 6–7 September, pp 55–79 (In Persian)
Rezai A (1992) Ecological study of Cypress natural habitats in north of Iran. M.Sc. thesis, University of Gorgan, Faculty of Forestry, Gorgan, 220p (In Persian)
Rostamikia Y (2010) Site demands of some forest tree species; oak (Quercus macranthera F&M) and hornbeam (Carpinus orientalis Mill.). Technical report, No: 0-100-170000-01-0000-84002, Publication of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, 73p (In Persian)
Rostamikia Y, Sagheb-Talebi K (2011) Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Persian oak (Quercus macranthera) and oriental hornbeam (Carpinus orientalis) on various land forms in Andabil, Khalkhal region. Iran J For 3(4):341–354
Sabeti H (1969) Les Etudes Bioclimatique de l’Iran. Pub. de l’Université de Téhéran, No. 1231, 266p
Sabeti H (1976) Forests, trees and shrubs of Iran. Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Iran, Research Organization of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Tehran, 810p (In Persian)
Sagheb-Talebi K (1990) Climatological condition of Nowshahr district. Pazhoohesh Res Sci Technol 9(18):17–26 (In Persian)
Sagheb-Talebi K (1999) Site demands and life habitat of Maple “Acer velutinum Boiss.” in northern forests of Iran. For Poplar Res 2:79–150 (In Persian)
Sagheb-Talebi Kh (2000) Hyrcanian forests (North of Iran), the unique ecosystem in near East Region. Presented at XXI World Congress – Forests and Society: the role of research, Kuala Lumpur, 7–12 August, 8p
Sagheb-Talebi Kh (2011) Site demands of some forest tree species. Technical Report of National Research Project, No: 0-100-170000-01-0000-8402, Publication of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, 117p (In Persian)
Sagheb-Talebi Kh, Dastmalchi M (1997) Results of elimination trials (Broad-leaved species) in Guilan province, Part Ι. Publication of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, No. 168: 1–75 (In Persian)
Sagheb-Talebi K, Lessani MR (2001) Das Eibenvorkommen im Iran. Der Eibenfreund 8:85–89
Sagheb-Talebi K, Schütz JP (2002) The structure of natural oriental beech (Fagus orientalis) in the Caspian region of Iran and potential for the application of the group selection system. Forestry 75(4):465–472
Sagheb-Talebi Kh, Eslami A, Ghourchibeigi K, Shahnavazi H, Mousavi Mirkalaie SR (2001) Structure of Hyrcanian beech forests and application of single selection system. In: Proceedings of 2nd international meeting of forest and industry, Tehran, 5–7 November, vol 1, pp 107–138
Sagheb-Talebi K, Sajedi T, Yazdian F (2003) Forests of Iran. Publication of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, No. 339, 28p
Sagheb-Talebi Kh, Yousefi P, Kananian M (2009) Forest rehabilitation in Iran. In: Lee DK, Kleine M (eds) Keep Asia green, vol IV. “West and Central Asia”. IUFRO World Series, Vol. 20-IV, pp 27–82
Saie K (1942) About the forests of Iran. Forestry Office, Ministry of Agriculture, Tehran, 78p (In Persian)
Sajedi T (2000) Determination of distribution area of native conifers in Arasbaran. M.Sc. seminar, University of Tehran, Faculty of Natural Resources, Karadj, 72p (In Persian)
Sajedi T (2002) Variation of humus forms in pure and mixed beech (Fagus orientalis) stands in Chelir district of Kheiroodkenar forest. M.Sc. thesis, University of Tehran, Faculty of Natural Resources, Karadj, 137p (In Persian)
Sajedi T, Zahedi Amiri Gh, Marvie-Mohadjer MR (2004) Variation of humus forms and nutrient properties in pure and mixed beech stands in north of Iran. In: Sagheb-Talebi Kh, Madsen P, Terazawa K (eds) Proceedings from the 7th international beech symposium, IUFRO Research Group 1.10.00, 10–20 May 2004, Tehran, pp 105–113
Sarmadian F, Jafari M (2001) Study of educational-experimental Kheyrudkenar forest soils. Iran J Nat Res, special issue 54(2): 111p (In Persian)
Shahsavari A (1994) Natural forests and woody plants of Iran. Publication of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, No. 111, 79p. (trans: Bobek H (1951) Die natrüliche Wälder und Gehölzfluren Iran)
Shahsavari A (1997) The Hyrcanian province, phytogeographical and paleobotanical studies of the south of Caspian Lake. Publication of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, No. 125, 48p (In Persian)
Sharafieh H, Sagheb-Talebi K (2013) Silvicultural characteristics of oak (Quercus macranthera F&M) in north of Semnan province. Iran J For Poplar Res 20(3):429–443 (In Persian)
Sheikholeslami A (2002) Study of some ecological characteristics of Lime tree (Tilia platyphyllus Scop. subsp. caucasica (Ruper.)) in forests of western Mazandaran. PhD thesis, Islamic Azad University of Iran, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, 203p (In Persian)
Sheikholeslami A, Namiranian M, Sagheb-Talebi K, Adeli E (2005a) Study of typology of Lime-tree tree (Tilia platyphyllus Scop. subsp. caucasica (Ruper.)) in forests of western Mazandaran. J Agric Sci 11(1):41–52 (In Persian)
Sheikholeslami A, Namiranian M, Sagheb-Talebi K (2005b) Study of the effects of some environmental variables on large-leaved lime (Tilia platyphyllus Scop.) in forests of western Mazandaran. Iran J Nat Res 58(3):553–566 (In Persian)
Tabari M (1993) Investigation on life habitat and silvicultural characteristics of Ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) in the Caspain forests. M.Sc. thesis, University of Gorgan, Faculty of Natural Resources, Gorgan, 351p (In Persian)
Yanko-Hombach V, Kroonenberg S, Leroy SAG (2010) Caspian-Black Sea-Mediterranean corridors during the last 30 ka: Sea level change and human adaptive strategies. Proceedings of IGCP 521 and 481 INQUA 501 third plenary meeting and field trip. Quat Int 225(2):147–149
Yazdian F (1995) Investigation on some ecological conditions of Siberian elm (Zelkova carpinifolia) habitats in northern forests of Iran. M.Sc. thesis, University of Gorgan, Faculty of Forestry, Gorgan, 315p (In Persian)
Yazdian F (2000) Determination of distribution area of oak forests in Iran. PhD thesis, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, 425p (In Persian)
Yazdian F, Sajedi T, Shirvani A (1998) Typology and forest vegetation map of Arasbaran. Forest and Range Organization, Natural Resources Engineering Office, 235p (In Persian)
Zare H (2001) Introduced and native conifers in Iran. Publication of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, No. 271, 498p (In Persian)
Zarrinkafsh MK (2002) Forestry soil, interaction of soil and plants regarding ecological factors of forest ecosystems. Publication of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, No. 292, 361p (In Persian)
Zohary M (1973) Geobotanical foundations of the Middle East, 2 vols. G. Fischer, Stuttgart, 739p
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Talebi, K.S., Sajedi, T., Pourhashemi, M. (2014). Euxino-Hyrcanian Province: Caspian and Arasbaran Regions. In: Forests of Iran. Plant and Vegetation, vol 10. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7371-4_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7371-4_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-7370-7
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-7371-4
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)