Abstract
The International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) is an international treaty that came into existence during 1952, superseding all previous international plant protection agreements. The IPPC is intended to secure common and effective action to prevent the introduction and spread of pests and diseases of plants and plant products and to promote measures for their control. In 2013, there were 179 contracting parties to the Convention. A Secretariat for the IPPC and a Committee of Experts on Phytosanitary Measures (CEPM) were established in 1993 to address the task of developing International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPMs). ISPMs provide a useful framework for National Plant Protection Organizations (NPPOs), particularly when pest management systems and regulatory decision-making have an important role in international trade. ISPMs in themselves are not regulatory instruments but come into force after countries establish phytosanitary measures within their national legislation. Countries may establish phytosanitary measures that provide a higher level of protection than ISPMs, as long as these national measures are science based and technically justified. Subject Matter Experts from member countries draft ISPMs, which have many levels of review and revision before their adoption. Thirty-six (36) International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures relating to all aspects of plant health have been adopted between 1995, when standard setting began, until 2013. Many more are in various stages of development.
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Notes
- 1.
Including the International Convention respecting measures to be taken against Phylloxera vasatrix of 3 November 1881, the additional Convention signed at Berne on 15 April 1889, and the International Convention for the Protection of Plants signed at Rome on 16 April 1929. Article 10 of the IPPC, Substitution of prior agreements (FAO 1979).
Abbreviations
- APPPC:
-
Asia and Pacific Plant Protection Commission
- CA:
-
Comunidad Andina
- CBD:
-
Convention on Biological Diversity
- CEPM:
-
Committee of Experts on Phytosanitary Measures
- COSAVE:
-
Comite Regional de Sanidad Vegetal Para el Cono Sur
- CPM:
-
Commission on Phytosanitary Measures
- CPPC:
-
Caribbean Plant Protection Commission
- EPPO:
-
European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation
- FAO:
-
Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations
- IAPSC:
-
Inter-African Phytosanitary Council
- IPPC:
-
International Plant Protection Convention
- ISPM:
-
International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures
- NAPPO:
-
North American Plant Protection Organization
- NPPO:
-
National Plant Protection Organisation
- OIE:
-
Office International des Épizooties – the World Animal Health Organisation
- OIRSA:
-
Organismo Internacional Regional de Sanidad Agropecuaria
- PFA:
-
Pest Free Area – an area in which a specific pest does not occur and in which this condition is officially maintained
- PPPO:
-
Pacific Plant Protection Organisation
- PRA:
-
Pest Risk Analysis – the process of evaluating scientific and economic evidence to determine whether a pest should be regulated and the strength of any phytosanitary measures to be taken against it
- RPPO:
-
Regional Plant Protection Organisation
- SPS:
-
Sanitary and Phytosanitary (as in WTO-SPS Committee)
- TCP:
-
Technical Cooperation Programme
- WTO:
-
World Trade Organisation
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Erikson, L., Griffin, R. (2014). The International Regulatory Framework. In: Gordh, G., McKirdy, S. (eds) The Handbook of Plant Biosecurity. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7365-3_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7365-3_2
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