Abstract
[1] And I saw another mighty angel [2] come down from heaven, [3] clothed with a cloud [4] and the rainbow upon his head. [5] And his face as it were the sun [6] and his feet as it were pillars of fire. [7] And he had in his hand a little book open. [8] And he put his right foot upon the sea and his left foot on the earth, [9] and cried with a loud voice as when a lion roareth. [10] And when he had cried, seven thunders spake their voices. [11] And when the seven thunders had spoken their voices, [12] I was about to write, and I heard a voice from heaven saying unto me: [13] ‘Seal up these things which the seven thunderings spake [14] and write them not’.
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Notes
- 1.
descended] 1548; descende 1545.
- 2.
it = the cloud.
- 3.
Isa 60.8.
- 4.
portifolium = a portable breviary (the book containing the divine office for each day in the Roman Catholic calendar). The only instances of this word in the OED are this one and one from Anne Askew. The more common word for this breviary is ‘porteous’.
- 5.
With a pun on ‘Son’.
- 6.
lightening = enlightening.
- 7.
sustentacle = that which sustains or upholds; a support (OED 1, obsolete).
- 8.
Doughty = Worthy, virtuous, brave.
- 9.
Isa 52.7.
- 10.
is] 1545, 1570; to 1548.
- 11.
mind = intend.
- 12.
See Jer 31.
- 13.
9] 1545, 1570; 6 1548, 1550, 1550(W). The fact that such a simple error as the upside down 9 persists in the 1550 and 1550(W) texts suggests a direct reliance upon the 1548 text.
- 14.
See 2 Kings 17–19.
- 15.
regions] 1545, 1570; religions 1548, 1550; relygyons 1550(W).
- 16.
principle = beginning, rise, commencement (OED n.1c, obsolete).
- 17.
about] 1545, 1570; aboue 1548, 1550, 1550(W)
- 18.
depth] 1545 (depeth).
- 19.
lust = to desire, choose, wish (OED v. 3a).
- 20.
wide = astray in opinion or belief, mistaken; wandering in mind, delirious (OED a. 10b).
- 21.
i.e., given how difficult it is to understand God’s meaning when his enemies abuse his message, all we can know for certain is that his wrath will come.
- 22.
Bale’s usual short list of those who corrupted God’s message: Gregory, Anselm, Thomas Aquinas, Duns Scotus, Plato, and Aristotle (the latter two because of the reliance on their works in the teachings of the scholastics). The Gregory referred to here is probably not Gregory the Great, but instead the 14th-century scholastic philosopher Gregory of Rimini.
- 23.
sea and upon the] 1545, 1570; om. 1548.
- 24.
tongues = i.e., people in foreign lands.
- 25.
Very] 1545, 1570; Verelye 1548.
- 26.
ought] 1545; om. 1548.
- 27.
cure = the spiritual charge or oversight of parishioners or lay people; the office or function of a curate (OED n. 1 4).
- 28.
darnel = a deleterious grass which in some countries grows as a weed among corn (OED 1); also used figuratively to mean ‘tares’ (OED 3).
- 29.
Ps 119.103.
- 30.
John] 1545; saynt Johan 1548, 1570.
- 31.
abusion = perversion of the truth; deceit, deception, imposture (OED 2, obsolete).
- 32.
The 1548 text concludes this page with ‘Imprinted by Richard Jugge, dwelling in Paul’s churchyard, at the sign of the Bible’.
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Minton, G.E. (2013). The Tenth Chapter. In: Minton, G. (eds) John Bale’s 'The Image of Both Churches'. Studies in Early Modern Religious Tradition, Culture and Society, vol 6. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7296-0_12
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