Abstract
This chapter addresses the issue of gender imbalances in the internationalization of higher education and research. In all countries, male academics tend to be generally more involved in international research collaboration and also tend to have more international publications. To some extent such gender disparities can be explained by academic rank and gender disparities among fields of science. While men more often teach abroad, women seem to be more involved in internationalization at home. We find, however, a correspondence between the gendered modes of internationalization and family-related variables as women academics with full-time working partners and children are less likely to take part in international research collaboration than male academics in similar circumstances.
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Notes
- 1.
Sex-disaggregated data: a brief analysis of key education and science indicators since the Beijing declaration and platform for action (1995). Canada/Montreal: UNESCO institute for statistics. Information Sheet No. 4. 2010 based on figures from 121 countries. Year 2007 or later if available.
- 2.
Thanks to Prof. Peter Maassen University of Oslo for explaining the Dutch case to us.
- 3.
The countries are categorized into the following seven regions: Europe (Finland, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, and the UK), Canada, the USA, Latin America (Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico), Asia (China, Hong Kong, Japan, Republic of Korea, and Malaysia), Australia, and South Africa.
- 4.
The relative risk is simply the ratio of the probability of an event for two different groups of observations. Let A at C be the number of events occurring in groups 1 and 2, respectively, and B and D the number of observations where the event not occurred. Then the relative risk is defined as (A/(A + C))/(B/(B + D)). This is different from the odds ratio, which is defined as (A/C)/(B/D).
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Vabø, A., Padilla-González, L.E., Waagene, E., Næss, T. (2014). Gender and Faculty Internationalization. In: Huang, F., Finkelstein, M., Rostan, M. (eds) The Internationalization of the Academy. The Changing Academy – The Changing Academic Profession in International Comparative Perspective, vol 10. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7278-6_9
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