Abstract
In this chapter I describe the characteristics of grateful people. I use McAdams and Pals (Am Psychol 61:204–217, 2006) organizational scheme to describe the basic dispositions, the characteristic adaptations, and the life stories of grateful people. There are many studies that have investigated the traits of grateful people, and these are described in the context of the gratitude amplification theory. In general, results from these studies support this theory. Because there is a rich database that speaks to the spirituality of grateful individuals, I explore the religious and spiritual characteristics that have been found to be associated with gratitude. In summary, grateful individuals tend to be agreeable and cheerful. Gratitude is also associated with spirituality. I propose that the picture of the grateful person may be characterized by grace: grateful people sense that they have received undeserved favor and good will, and grateful people are prone to showing favor and good will toward others.
An humble mind is the soil out of which thanks naturally grow.
–Henry Ward Beecher
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ahmed, S. (2009). Religiosity and presence of character strengths in American Muslim youth. Journal of Muslim Mental Health, 4, 104–123.
Algoe, S. B., & Stanton, A. L. (2011, June 27). Gratitude when it is needed most: Social functions of gratitude in women with metastatic breast cancer. Emotion. Advance online publication. doi:10.1037/a0024024.
Allport, G. W., Gillespie, J. M., & Young, J. (1948). The religion of the post-war college student. Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 25, 3–33.
Allport, G. W., & Ross, J. M. (1967). Personal religious orientation and prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 5, 432–443.
Austin, J. T., & Vancouver, J. B. (1996). Goal constructs in psychology: Structure, process, and content. Psychological Bulletin, 120, 338–375.
Barrett, L. F., Lane, R. D., Sechrest, L., & Schwartz, G. E. (2000). Sex differences in emotional awareness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 1027–1035.
Barth, K. (1956/1961). Church dogmatics: Vol. IV. The doctrine of reconciliation, part one. Edinburgh, Scotland: T. & T. Clark.
Berkof, L. (1941). Systematic theology. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans.
Berrenberg, J. L. (1987). The belief in Personal Control Scale: A measure of God-mediated and exaggerated control. Journal of Personality Assessment, 51, 194–206.
Carabin, T., Floberg, C., Pereira, A., & Watkins, P. C. (2013, May). How having more might give you less: Exploring gratitude’s relationship with income. Poster presented to the EWU student research and creative works symposium, Cheney, WA.
Chen, L. H., Chen, L.-Y., Kee, Y. H., & Tsai, Y.-M. (2009). Validation of the Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ) in Taiwanese undergraduate students. Journal of Happiness Studies, 10, 655–664.
Chesterton, G. K. (1986). Orthodoxy. In D. Dooley (Ed.), G. K. Chesterton: Collected works (pp. 209–366). San Francisco: Ignatius Press. (Original work published in 1908)
Comte-Sponville, A. (2002). A small treatise on the great virtues. New York: Henry Holt and Company.
Contreras, C., & Watkins, P. (2005, April). Redemption and gratitude: Gratitude predicts the recall of redemptive experiences. Presentation to the 85th annual convention of the Western Psychological Association, Portland, OR.
Davis, D. E., Hook, J. N., Worthington, E. L., Van Tongeren, D. R., Gartner, A. L., Jennings, D. L., et al. (2011). Relational humility: Conceptualizing and measuring humility as a personality judgment. Journal of Personality Assessment, 93, 225–234.
Deutsch, F. M., Roksa, J., & Meeske, C. (2003). How gender counts when couples count their money. Sex Roles, 48, 291–304.
Diener, E., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2002). Very happy people. Psychological Science, 13, 81–84.
Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 276–302.
Diessner, R., & Lewis, G. (2007). Further validation of the Gratitude, Resentment, and Appreciation test (GRAT). The Journal of Social Psychology, 147, 445–447.
Diessner, R., Solom, R. C., Frost, N. K., & Parsons, L. (2008). Engagement with beauty: Appreciating natural, artistic, and moral beauty. Journal of Psychology, 142, 303–329.
Edwards, J. (1999/1746). Religious affections. Uhrichsville, OH: Barbour Publishing. (Original work published in 1746)
Emmons, R. A. (1999). The psychology of ultimate concerns. New York: The Guilford Press.
Emmons, R. A., & Kneezel, T. T. (2005). Giving thanks: Spiritual and religious correlates of gratitude. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 24, 140–148.
Emmons, R. A., & McCullough, M. E. (2003). Counting blessings versus burdens: An empirical investigation of gratitude and subjective well-being in daily life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 377–389.
Erikson, E. H. (1963). Childhood and society (2nd ed.). New York: Norton.
Erikson, E. H. (1969). Gandhi’s truth: On the origins of militant nonviolence. New York: Norton.
Froh, J. J., Emmons, R. A., Card, N. A., Bono, G., & Wilson, J. A. (2011). Gratitude and the reduced costs of materialism in adolescents. Journal of Happiness Studies, 12, 289–302.
Froh, J. J., Yurkewicz, C., & Kashdan, T. B. (2009). Gratitude and subjective well-being in early adolescents: Examining gender differences. Journal of Adolescence, 32, 633–650.
Fujita, F., Diener, E., & Sandvik, E. (1991). Gender differences in negative affect and well being: The case for emotional intensity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 427–434.
Furey, R. J. (1986). So I’m not perfect. A psychology of humility. Staten Island, NY: Alba House.
Goldberg, L. R. (1981). Language and individual differences: The search for universals in personality lexicons. In L. Wheeler (Ed.), Review of personality and social psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 141–166). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Goldberg, L. R. (1993). The structure of phenotypic personality traits. American Psychologist, 48, 26–34.
Gray, J. A. (1987). Perspectives on anxiety and impulsivity: A commentary. Journal of Research in Personality, 21, 493–509.
Grossman, M., & Wood, W. (1993). Sex differences in intensity of emotional experience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1010–1022.
Hicks, J. A., Cicero, D. C., Trent, J., Burton, C. M., & King, L. A. (2010). Positive affect, intuition, and feelings of meaning. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98, 976–989.
Hicks, J. A., & King, L. A. (2009). Positive mood and social relatedness as information about meaning in life. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4, 471–482.
John, O. P., & Srivastava, S. (1999). The Big Five taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives. In L. A. Pervin & O. P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (2nd ed., pp. 102–138). New York: Guilford.
Kashdan, T. B., Mishra, A., Breen, W. E., & Froh, J. J. (2009). Gender differences in gratitude: Examining appraisals, narratives, the willingness to express emotions, and changes in psychological needs. Journal of Personality, 77, 1–40.
King, L. A., Hicks, J. A., Krull, J. L., & Del Gaiso, A. K. (2006). Positive affect and the experience of meaning in life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, 179–196.
Kopp, K. J., Hill, P. C., Bollinger, R. A., & Williams, J. (2006, August). Humble undertaking: Research on the measurement of humility. Poster presented to the annual convention of the American Psychological Association, New Orleans, LA.
Krause, N. (2006). Gratitude toward God, stress, and health in late life. Research on Aging, 28, 163–183.
Krause, N. (2009). Religious involvement, gratitude, and change in depressive symptoms over time. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 19, 155–172.
Krause, N., & Ellison, C. G. (2009). Social environment of the church and gratitude toward God. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 1, 191–205.
Krause, N., Evans, L. A., Powers, G., & Hayward, R. D. (2012). Feeling grateful to God: A qualitative inquiry. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 7, 119–130.
Kring, A. M., & Gordon, A. H. (1998). Sex differences in emotion: Expression, experience, and physiology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 686–703.
Laird, S. P., Snyder, C. R., Rapoff, M. A., & Green, S. (2004). Measuring private prayer: Development, validation, and clinical application of the Multidimensional Prayer Inventory. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 14, 251–272.
Lambert, N. M., Fincham, F. D., Braithwaite, S. R., Graham, S. M., & Beach, S. R. H. (2009). Can prayer increase gratitude? Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 1, 139–149.
Lambert, N. M., Fincham, F. D., Stillman, T. F., & Dean, L. R. (2009). More gratitude less materialism: The mediating role of life satisfaction. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4, 32–42.
Lee, K., & Ashton, M. C. (2004). Psychometric properties of the HEXACO Personality Inventory. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 39, 329–358.
Littman-Ovadia, H., & Lavy, S. (2011). Character strengths in Israel: Hebrew adaptation of the VIA Inventory of Strengths. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 28, 41–50.
Lystad, A., Watkins, P., & Sizemore, L. (2005, April). The importance of attachment processes to gratitude. Presentation to the 85th annual convention of the Western Psychological Association, Portland, OR.
Mathews, M. A., & Green, J. D. (2010). Looking at me, appreciating you: Self-focused attention distinguishes between gratitude and indebtedness. Cognition and Emotion, 24, 710–718.
Mayer, J. D., & Salovey, P. (1995). Emotional intelligence and the construction and regulation of feelings. Applied & Preventative Psychology, 4, 197–208.
McAdams, D. P. (1995). What do we know when we know a person? Journal of Personality, 63, 365–396.
McAdams, D. P. (2006). The redemptive self: Stories Americans live by. New York: Oxford University Press.
McAdams, D. P., & Bauer, J. J. (2004). Gratitude in modern life: Its manifestations and development. In R. A. Emmons & M. E. McCullough (Eds.), The psychology of gratitude (pp. 81–99). New York: Oxford Press.
McAdams, D. P., Diamond, A., de St. Aubin, E., & Mansfield, E. (1997). Stories of commitment: The psychosocial construction of generative lives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 678–694.
McAdams, D. P., & Pals, J. L. (2006). A new Big Five: Fundamental principles for a new science of personality. American Psychologist, 61, 204–217.
McComb, D., Watkins, P., & Kolts, R. (2004, April). Personality and happiness: The importance of gratitude. Presentation to the 84th annual convention of the Western Psychological Association, Phoenix, AZ.
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T., Jr. (1999). A Five-Factor theory of personality. In L. Pervin & O. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (pp. 139–153). New York: Guilford Press.
McCullough, M. E., Emmons, R. A., & Tsang, J. (2002). The grateful disposition: A conceptual and empirical topography. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 112–127.
McCullough, M. E., Kilpatrick, S. D., Emmons, R. A., & Larson, D. B. (2001). Gratitude as moral affect. Psychological Bulletin, 127, 249–266.
McCullough, M. E., Tsang, J., & Emmons, R. A. (2004). Gratitude in intermediate affective terrain: Links of grateful moods to individual differences and daily emotional experience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 295–309.
McLeod, L., Maleki, L., Elster, B., & Watkins, P. (2005, April). Does narcissism inhibit gratitude? Presentation to the 85th annual convention of the Western Psychological Association, Portland, OR.
Neto, F. (2007). Personality, forgiveness and gratitude. Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 2313–2323.
Pargament, K. I. (1997). The psychology of religion and coping: Theory, research, and practice. New York: Guilford Press.
Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2010). Does it matter where we live? The urban psychology of character strengths. American Psychologist, 65, 535–547.
Peterson, B. E., & Stewart, A. J. (1996). Antecedents and contexts of generativity motivation at mid-life. Psychology and Aging, 11, 21–33.
Peterson, C., Ruch, W., Beerman, U., Park, N., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2007). Strengths of character, orientations to happiness, and life satisfaction. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2, 149–156.
Pichinevskiy, S., & Watkins, P. C. (2011, March). Gender and gratitude. Presentation to the National Convention for Undergraduate Research, Ithaca, NY.
Polak, E. L., & McCullough, M. E. (2006). Is gratitude an alternative to materialism? Journal of Happiness Studies, 7, 343–360.
Poloma, M. M., & Pendleton, B. K. (1991). The effects of prayer and prayer experiences on measures of general well-being. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 19, 71–83.
Rosmarin, D. H., Piruntinsky, S., Cohen, A. B., Galler, Y., & Krumrei, E. J. (2011). Grateful to God or just plain grateful? A comparison of religious and general gratitude. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 6, 389–396.
Rowatt, W. C., Powers, C., Targhetta, V., Comer, J., Kennedy, S., & Labouff, J. (2006). Development and initial validation of an implicit measure of humility relative to arrogance. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 1, 198–211.
Ruge, L. N., Van Gelder, M. J., Brown, A. D., Gibler, A., & Watkins, P. C. (2007, May). Does gratitude inhibit materialism? Presentation to the annual convention of the Western Psychological Association, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Salovey, P., Mayer, J. D., Goldman, S. L., Turvey, C., & Palfai, T. P. (1995). Emotional attention, clarity, and repair: Exploring emotional intelligence using the Trait Meta-Mood Scale. In J. W. Pennebaker (Ed.), Emotion, disclosure, and health. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Samuels, P. A., & Lester, D. (1985). A preliminary investigation of emotion s experienced toward God by Catholic nuns and priests. Psychological Reports, 56, 706.
Saucier, G., & Goldberg, L. R. (1998). What is beyond the Big Five? Journal of Personality, 66, 495–524.
Schacter, D. L., Addis, D. R., & Buckner, R. L. (2007). Remembering the past to imagine the future: The prospective brain. Nature, Nature Reviews/Neuroscience, 8, 657–661.
Spangler, K., Sparrow, A., Webber, A., Walker, J., & Watkins, P. C. (2011, April). Does gratitude enhance self-esteem? Poster presented to the annual convention of the Western Psychological Association, Los Angeles.
Swinkels, A., & Giuliano, T. A. (1995). The measurements and conceptualization of mood awareness: Monitoring and labeling one’s mood states. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 934–949.
Tangney, J. P. (2000). Humility: Theoretical perspectives, empirical findings and directions for future research. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19(1), 70–82.
Tangney, J. P. (2002). Humility. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 411–419). London: Oxford University Press.
Thomas, M., & Watkins, P. C. (2002, June). Envy and gratitude. Presentation at the annual convention of the American Psychological Society, New Orleans, LA.
Tong, E. M. W., & Yang, Z. (2011). Moral hypocrisy: Of proud and grateful people. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2, 159–165.
Tsang, J., Schulwitz, A., & Carlisle, R. D. (2011, September 26). An experimental test of the relationship between religion and gratitude. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality. Advance online publication. doi:10.1037/a0025632.
Uhder, J., & Watkins, P. C. (2012). Basic personality traits of gratitude: Big-6 correlations with the HEXACO. Unpublished data set.
Uhder, J., Watkins, P. C., & Hammamoto, D. (2010, August). Would the humble please stand: Can self-reported humility be valid? Paper presented to the annual convention of the American Psychological Association, San Diego, CA.
Uhder, J., Watkins, P. C., & Ovnicek, M. (2009, May). The debt of gratitude is lighter for women than for men. Poster presented at the annual convention of the Association for Psychological Science, San Francisco.
Uhder, J., Webber, A., & Watkins, P. C. (2010, August). Favors from heaven: Sources and benefits of gratitude toward God. Poster presented at the annual convention of the American Psychological Association, San Diego, CA.
Van Gelder, M., Ruge, L., Brown, A., & Watkins, P. C. (2007, May). Gratitude and indebtedness are distinct traits: Differential associations with well-being. Poster presented to the annual convention of the Western Psychological Association, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Ventimiglia, J. C. (1982). Sex roles and chivalry: Some conditions of gratitude to altruism. Sex Roles, 8, 1107–1122.
Watkins, P. C., Christensen, P., Lawrence, J., & Whitney, A. (2001, May). Are grateful individuals more emotionally intelligent? Paper presented to the 81st annual convention of the Western Psychological Association, Maui, HI.
Watkins, P. C., Scheer, J., Ovnicek, M., & Kolts, R. (2006). The debt of gratitude: Dissociating gratitude from indebtedness. Cognition and Emotion, 20, 217–241.
Watkins, P. C., Uhder, J., Pichinevskiy, Sparrow, S., Jensen, C., & Pereira, A. (2012, May). Gratitude “Three Blessings” treatment produces improved well-being: The importance of positive memory accessibility. Poster presented to the annual convention of the Association for Psychological Science, Chicago.
Watkins, P. C., Uhder, J., Webber, A., Pichinevenskiy, S., & Sparrow, A. (2011, May). Religious affections: The importance of gratitude toward God to spiritual well-being. Poster presented at the annual convention of the Association for Psychological Science, Washington, DC.
Watkins, P. C., Woodward, K., Stone, T., & Kolts, R. (2003). Gratitude and happiness: Development of a measure of gratitude, and relationships with subjective well-being. Social Behavior and Personality, 31, 431–452.
Watkins, P. C., Xiong, I., & Kolts, R. L. (2008, May). How grateful processing brings closure to troubling memories. Presentation at the 20th annual convention of the Association for Psychological Science, Chicago.
Whitney, A., Watkins, P. C., Gibler, A., McComb, D., & Kolts, R. (2003, May). Grateful traits: Big-5 markers of grateful people. Presentation to the 83rd annual convention of the Western Psychological Association, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Whittington, B. L., & Scher, S. J. (2010). Prayer and subjective well-being: An investigation of six different types of prayer. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 20, 59–68.
Wood, A. M., Joseph, S., & Maltby, J. (2008). Gratitude uniquely predicts satisfaction with life: Incremental validity above the domains and facets of the five factor model. Personality and Individual Differences, 45, 49–54.
Wood, A. M., Joseph, S., & Maltby, J. (2009). Gratitude predicts psychological well-being above the Big Five facets. Personality and Individual Differences, 46, 443–447.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Watkins, P.C. (2014). What Are Grateful People Like? Characteristics of Grateful People. In: Gratitude and the Good Life. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7253-3_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7253-3_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-7252-6
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-7253-3
eBook Packages: Behavioral ScienceBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)