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Vascular Stem Cell Therapy

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Book cover Stem Cells and Cell Therapy

Part of the book series: Cell Engineering ((CEEN,volume 8))

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Abstract

There are numerous diseases associated with a malfunction of the endothelium, including ischemic injuries that follow thrombotic events, visual loss due to a defective cornea endothelium, and endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction in patients with diabetes. Some of these diseases are susceptible of cell therapies that aim to replace the defective endothelium. Thus, there is a need for a robust, clinically suitable source of autologous ECs. In principle, ECs can be obtained from a variety of autologous tissues, including small diameter veins and the microvasculature of tissues such as skin and adipose. However, the clinical use of mature ECs is limited by site morbidity and low cell proliferation potential. These limitations have motivated the search for other sources of ECs with more proliferative and vasculogenic activities such as those derived from embryonic stem cell (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). However, ethical considerations along with a poor understanding of the mechanisms controlling the differentiation of embryonic stem cells are hurdles that need to be overcome before these cells can be used in a clinical setting. Alternatively, the existence of postnatal endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in circulation represents a promising opportunity to non-invasively obtain large quantities of autologous ECs. However, the process for obtaining EPC-derived ECs has not been straightforward in part due to a lack of consensus regarding EPC definition, origin, and function of these cells. As a result, the term EPCs has been used to define two distinct subpopulations of cells, one with hematopoietic (early EPCs) and the other with endothelial (late EPCs) characteristics. Despite the often-confusing terminology, the functional distinction between these two very different types of EPCs is increasingly better understood. In particular, the ability of late EPCs to generate large amount of endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) is now well recognized. Blood-derived ECFCs represent a robust population of cells with endothelial phenotype and ability to function as bona fide ECs both in vitro and in vivo, and thus, they constitute a promising source of cells for future vascular cell therapies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Enders 349, Boston, MA, 02115, USA

    Ruei-Zeng Lin, Rafael Moreno-Luna & Juan M. Melero-Martin

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  3. Juan M. Melero-Martin
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Correspondence to Juan M. Melero-Martin .

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  1. Engineering, University College, Dublin Dept. Chemical & Biochemical, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland

    Mohamed Al-Rubeai

  2. School of Chem. & Bioprocess Eng., University College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

    Mariam Naciri

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© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

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Lin, RZ., Moreno-Luna, R., Melero-Martin, J.M. (2014). Vascular Stem Cell Therapy. In: Al-Rubeai, M., Naciri, M. (eds) Stem Cells and Cell Therapy. Cell Engineering, vol 8. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7196-3_3

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