Abstract
In the present study, we propose a complementary approach to the traditional analysis of lexical availability studies by looking at learners’ word responses from the perspective of word frequency. We apply a word frequency framework to data produced by 6th and 8th English as a Foreign Language Learners in Spanish Primary and Secondary schools in response to nine cue words traditionally used in lexical availability studies. The chapter looks at learner profiles according to the number of words produced in the nine semantic domains, and the proportion of infrequent words to frequent words in each domain. The findings are relevant for lexical availability studies as they open a new line of research in the field. They are also relevant for vocabulary research as they question the assumption of a linear pattern of vocabulary acquisition through frequency bands.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
By Anglo-Saxon tradition we mean vocabulary research on second or foreign language learners entirely conducted in English, and published by publishing houses and academic journals based on English speaking countries. The term is used in opposition to PanHispanic tradition, where research on second or foreign language learners’ vocabulary knowledge has also been conducted but from the perspective of lexical availability rather than frequency. This research is published in Spanish by publishing houses and academic journals based on Spain as well as on Latin American countries and other Spanish speaking countries.
- 2.
See Jiménez Catalán and Ojeda Alba (2009) for a detailed description of the whole sample.
References
Alderson, C. 2007. Judging the frequency of English words. Applied Linguistics 28(3): 383–409.
Bailey, V. J. 1971. A study of lexical availability among monolingual-bilingual speakers of Spanish and English. Master thesis, Rice University, Houston.
Carcedo, A. 1998. Tradición y novedad en las aportaciones hispánicas a los estudios de disponibilidad léxica. Lingüística 10: 5–68.
Celaya, M.L., M.R. Torras, and C. Pérez-Vidal. 2001. Short and mid-term effects of an earlier start: An analysis of EFL written production. In EUROSLA yearbook, ed. S. Foster Cohen and A. Nizegorodcew, 195–209. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Cenoz, J. 2002. Age differences in foreign language learning. ITL- International Journal of Applied Linguistics 135(136): 125–142.
Coxhead, A. 1998. An academic word list. Occasional Publication Number 18, LALS, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington.
Dimitrijévic, N. 1969. Lexical availability. Heidelberg: Julius Gross Verlag.
Gardner, D. 2004. Vocabulary input through extensive reading: A comparison of words found in children’s narrative and expository reading materials. Applied Linguistics 25(1): 1–37.
Hernández-Muñoz, N., C. Izura, and A.W. Ellis. 2006. Cognitive aspects of lexical availability. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology 18(5): 730–755.
Horst, M. 2010. How well does teacher talk support incidental vocabulary acquisition? Reading in a Foreign Language 22(1): 161–180.
Horst, M., and L. Collins. 2006. From faible to strong: How does their vocabulary grow? The Canadian Modern Language Review 63(1): 83–106.
Jiménez Catalán, R., and S. Moreno. 2005. Promoting English vocabulary research in primary and secondary education: Test review and test selection criteria. English Studies ES 26: 171–188.
Jiménez Catalán, R., and J. Ojeda Alba. 2009. Girls’ and boys’ lexical availability in EFL. ITL International Journal of Applied Linguistics 158: 57–76.
Laufer, B. 1991. Knowing a word: What is so difficult about it? English Teachers’ Journal 42: 82–88.
Laufer, B. 1992. How much lexis is necessary for reading comprehension? In Vocabulary and applied linguistics, ed. Henri Bejoint and Pierre J.L. Arnaud, 126–132. Basingstoke/London: Macmillan.
Laufer, B. 1994. The lexical profile of second language writing: Does it change over time? RELC Journal 25(2): 21–33.
Laufer, B. 1998. The development of passive and active vocabulary in a second language: Same or different? Applied linguistics 19: 255–271.
Laufer, B., and P. Nation. 1999. A vocabulary size test of controlled productive ability. Language Testing 16: 36–55.
Laufer, B., and P. Nation. 1995. Vocabulary size and use: Lexical richness in L2 written productions. Applied Linguistics 16(3): 307–322.
Laufer, B., and T.S. Paribakht. 1998. The relationship between passive and active vocabularies: Effects of language learning context. Language Learning 48: 365–391.
Lynch, T., and J. Maclean. 2000. Exploring the benefits of task repetition and recycling for classroom language learning. Language Teaching Research 4(3): 221–250.
Meara, P. 1993. Tintin and the world service: A look at lexical environments. IATEFL: Annual Conference Report, 32–37.
Meara, P., and T. Fitzpatrick. 2000. Lex30: An improved method of assessing productive vocabulary in an L2. System 28: 9–30.
Meara, P., P. Lightbown, and R. Halter. 1997. Classroom as lexical environments. Language Teaching Research 1(1): 28–46.
Morris, L., and T. Cobb. 2004. Vocabulary profiles as predictors of the academic performance of Teaching English as a Second Language trainees. System 32: 75–87.
Muncie, J. 2002. Process writing and vocabulary development: Comparing lexical frequency profiles across drafts. System 30: 225–235.
Nation, P. 1990. What is involved in learning a word? In Teaching and learning vocabulary, ed. I.S.P. Nation, 29–50. Rowley: Newbury House.
Nation, P. 1997. The language learning benefits of extensive reading. The Language Teacher 21(5): 13–16.
Nation, P. 2001/2007. Learning vocabulary in another language. Cambridge: Cambridge Applied Linguistics.
Nation, P., and R. Waring. 1997. Vocabulary size, text coverage and word lists. In Vocabulary: Description, acquisition and pedagogy, eds. N. Schmitt and M. McCarthy, 6–19. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pimsleur, P. 1967. A memory schedule. The Modern Language Journal 51(2): 73–75.
Read, J. 1988. Measuring the vocabulary knowledge of second language learners. RELC Journal 19: 12–25.
Read, J. 2000. Assessing vocabulary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Richards, J. 1974. Word lists: Problems and prospects. RELC Journal 5(2): 84.
Richards, J. 1976. The role of vocabulary teaching. TESOL Quarterly 10(1): 77–89.
Richards, J. 1985. Lexical knowledge and the teaching of vocabulary. In The context of language teaching, ed. J. Richards, 176–188. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Scarborough, D.L., C. Cortese, and H.S. Scarborough. 1997. Frequency and repetition effects in lexical memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance 31: 1–17.
Schmidtt, N. 2000. Vocabulary in language teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
West, M. 1953. A general service list of English words. London: Longman, Green and Co.
Acknowledgments
We would like to acknowledge the financial support of Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación through grant nº FFI2010-19334.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Jiménez Catalán, R.M., Fitzpatrick, T. (2014). Frequency Profiles of EFL Learners’ Lexical Availability. In: Jiménez Catalán, R. (eds) Lexical Availability in English and Spanish as a Second Language. Educational Linguistics, vol 17. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7158-1_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7158-1_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-7157-4
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-7158-1
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawEducation (R0)