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The Use of Spatial Planning to Increase the Resilience for Future Turbulence in the Spatial System of the Groningen Region to Deal with Climate Change

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Swarm Planning

Part of the book series: Springer Theses ((Springer Theses))

Abstract

The province of Groningen is responsible for a good spatial policy. Main focal areas of interest are living, economic and social development, water management, transport and traffic environmental policy. These fields are integrated on a regular basis in a regional plan, which is made for the entire provincial area. In 2008 a new regional plan has been developed. The circumstances and context determine the content of the plan in a strong way. The current timeframe distinguishes itself in the way long-term developments appear. The supply of energy is uncertain, because fossil resources will be depleted within 40 years from now. The changes in climate are unpredictable as well, but they will have, for sure, a major impact on society. The turbulence in today’s and the future’s world is and will be strongly determined by the issues of energy supply (and prices) and climate change (and disasters). For a province it is important to respond to these developments in the most appropriate way, i.e. with the lowest risk and the lowest chance on problems for its inhabitants. The province of Groningen wants to be prepared to withstand eventual rapid changes and prepare its people by increasing resilience in its spatial planning (Roggema 2008a). In order to create more resilience in its regional plan the province explores in several research steps (Fig. 5.1) the adaptability of spatial systems and the way they may be influenced. In Sect. 5.2 the background of climate change on a sub-regional level as well as the relevant aspects of complexity and adaptive systems are explored. This section concludes with the characteristics of an emerging new planning paradigm: swarm planning. Section 5.3 explores the possibilities to use this planning paradigm in the Groningen case. This contribution finishes with a discussion on the benefits and disadvantages of the new paradigm (Sect. 5.4) and finalises with conclusions (Sect. 5.5).

This chapter has previously been published in the double blind peer reviewed conference proceedings of the UK Systems Society conference Building Resilience: Responses to a Turbulent World, Oxford, 1–3 September 2008: ‘Roggema, R. (2008) The use of spatial planning to increase the resilience for future turbulence in the spatial system of the Groningen region to deal with climate change’. A more concise version has been published in the double blind peer reviewed conference proceedings of the World Sustainable Building Conference, Melbourne, 21–25 September 2008: ‘Roggema, R. and A. van den Dobbelsteen (2008) Swarm planning: development of a new planning paradigm, which improves the capacity of regional spatial systems to adapt to climate change’ and received the scientific award for the best paper during this SB08-conference.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 134, 2628 BL, Delft, The Netherlands

    Rob Roggema

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  1. Rob Roggema
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Correspondence to Rob Roggema .

The Bridge: Five–Six

The Bridge: Five–Six

This chapter used complexity and resilience thinking to develop a future design that is more capable of dealing with uncertainty. In Chap. 6 this thinking is further elaborated. The properties of Complex Adaptive Systems are translated into spatial planning practice. Self-organisation, emergence and adaptive capacity are used as the basic principles of design, thus increasing the flexibility, diversity and resilience in urban and rural systems. In this chapter, these properties are used to design the Floodable Landscape, a design that deals with uncertainties and is a future spatial vision that is capable of dealing with unknown changes and surprises in weather and climate. It is a ‘Swarming Landscape’, not only increasing the resilience of cities and landscapes, but also provides an attractive and imaginable spatial future. This chapter/article is published in the proceedings of the 4th International Urban Design Conference 2011.

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Roggema, R. (2014). The Use of Spatial Planning to Increase the Resilience for Future Turbulence in the Spatial System of the Groningen Region to Deal with Climate Change. In: Swarm Planning. Springer Theses. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7152-9_5

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