Abstract
Employing Marcelo Dascal’s theory and typology of controversies, this chapter attempts to pull together certain elements of the writing of Georg Simmel (1858–1918), the founder of formal sociology; Franz Boas (1858–1942), the founder of cultural anthropology; and Arthur Ruppin (1876–1943), the founder of Jewish sociology and demography, and interpret them with regard to the then contemporary social, political, or scientific anti-Semitism. Through a comparison of their writing, the chapter argues that Ruppin was engaged in a discussion with anti-Semitic writers, as the object of disagreement, anti-Semitic reaction to Jewish difference, was treated as being well circumscribed. Simmel was engaged in a dispute, the source of disagreement rooted in differences of attitude, feelings, or preferences, transcending Jews as a specified object. Boas approached a controversy, revolving around specific objects and problems but spreading to broader methodological issues. The chapter points to the fact that none of these discourses meet Dascal’s minimal definition of a controversy, because of the absence of a structured sequence of polemic exchanges (POPO). The chapter attempts to answer why this is so.
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Notes
- 1.
For an application in a different field, see Dascal and Cremaschi (1999).
- 2.
- 3.
For a wider historical background, see my “Circumventions and confrontations: Responses to antisemitism in Georg Simmel, Franz Boas, and Arthur Ruppin.” For a more detailed analysis of these responses in rhetorical terms, see “Argumentative patterns and epistemic considerations: Responses to antisemitism in the conceptual history of social science.”
- 4.
His strategy of dealing with anti-Semitism, therefore, reflects his style of conducting controversy: indirect allusions characterize also his controversies with Emile Durkheim and with Wilhelm Dilthey. On his controversy with Durkheim, see my “The Controversy over the Foundation of Sociology and its Object: Simmel’s Form versus Durkheim’s Collectivity.”
- 5.
Stocking (1968).
- 6.
- 7.
See also Sociology of the Jews [Hebrew], 30.
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Morris-Reich, A. (2014). Elements of Controversy: Responses to Anti-Semitism in Nascent German Social Science. In: Riesenfeld, D., Scarafile, G. (eds) Perspectives on Theory of Controversies and the Ethics of Communication. Logic, Argumentation & Reasoning, vol 2. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7131-4_13
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