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4D Numerical Analysis of Scaffolds: A New Approach

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Tissue Engineering

Part of the book series: Computational Methods in Applied Sciences ((COMPUTMETHODS,volume 31))

Abstract

A large range of biodegradable polymers are used to produce scaffolds for tissue engineering, which temporarily replace the biomechanical functions of a biologic tissue while it progressively regenerates its capacities. However, the mechanical behavior of biodegradable materials during its degradation, which is an important aspect of the scaffold design, is still an unexplored subject. For a biodegradable scaffold, performance will decrease along its degradation, ideally in accordance to the regeneration of the biologic tissue, avoiding the stress shielding effect or the premature rupture. In this chapter, a new numerical approach to predict the mechanical behavior of complex 3D scaffolds during degradation time (the 4th dimension) is presented. The degradation of mechanical properties should ideally be compatible to the tissue regeneration. With this new approach, an iterative process of optimization is possible to achieve an ideal solution in terms of mechanical behavior and degradation time. The scaffold can therefore be pre-validated in terms of functional compatibility. An example of application of this approach is demonstrated at the end of this chapter.

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Acknowledgements

The authors Vieira A. and Guedes R.M. would like to thank the FCT (Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation) for financial support under the grants PTDC/EME-PME/70155/2006 and PTDC/EME-PME/114808/2009. Tita V. would like to thank FAPESP (Research Foundation of State of São Paulo) for financial support under the grant 09/00544-5. The authors would like to highlight that this work was also partially supported by the Program USP/UP, which is a scientific cooperation agreement established between the University of Porto (Portugal) and the University of São Paulo (Brazil).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. UMEC, Institute of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Management, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias 378, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal

    A. C. Vieira

  2. DEMec, Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto (FEUP), University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal

    A. C. Vieira, A. T. Marques & R. M. Guedes

  3. Aeronautical Engineering Department, Engineering School of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400, 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil

    V. Tita

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  1. A. C. Vieira
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Correspondence to A. C. Vieira .

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  1. Instituto Superior Tecnico Mechanical Engineering Dept., Technical University of Lisbon, Grande Lisboa, Portugal

    Paulo Rui Fernandes

  2. CDRSP – IP Leiria Portugal, Marinha Grande, Portugal

    Paulo Jorge Bartolo

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Vieira, A.C., Marques, A.T., Guedes, R.M., Tita, V. (2014). 4D Numerical Analysis of Scaffolds: A New Approach. In: Fernandes, P., Bartolo, P. (eds) Tissue Engineering. Computational Methods in Applied Sciences, vol 31. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7073-7_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7073-7_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-007-7072-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-007-7073-7

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