Abstract
Recent developments in science and technology (S&T), coupled with universal access to content information via internet have inspired both state- and non-state-sponsored actors to new levels of creativity in the development of unconventional and non-traditional weapons. Remote access to critical infra-structure, global links using faster means of transport, and unmanned aerial vehicles have decentralized the traditional nature of battlefield. Threat vectors have become increasingly asymmetric, highly kinetic, undefined and randomly non-linear. Implementation of effective countermeasures necessitates an advanced understanding of emerging security challenges and transformational concepts conjoining nexus of S&T and their full potential beyond traditional capabilities. Recent progress in reduced and multi-dimensional materials coupled with advanced synthesis methods have significantly contributed to sensor platforms capable of direct detection of chem.-bio agents in a label-free, parallel, and multiplexed format with broad dynamic range, allowing in-situ and accurate detection of multiple agents with high sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, the use of bio-mimetic materials is a game-changing technology as it provides ultra-sensitive reconnaissance and remote maneuverability for missions in combat theatres. The development of integrated solution pathways using ecosystem of technological innovations provides tactical superiority in support of effective countermeasures and opportunities in identifying emerging and unconventional threats vectors.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Vaseashta A, Dimova-Malinovska D, Marshall J (2005) Nanostructured and advanced materials. Springer Science and Business Media, Dordrecht
Vaseashta A, Mihailescu I (2007) Functionalized nanoscale materials, devices, and systems. Springer Science and Business Media, Dordrecht
Magarshak Y, Sergey K, Vaseashta A (2009) Silicon versus carbon. Springer Science and Business Media, Dordrecht
Vaseashta A (2012) The potential utility of advanced sciences convergence. In: Advances in neurotechnology – ethical, legal, and social issues. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 15–36. ISBN 978-1-4398-2586-0
Vaseashta A, Braman E, Susmann P, Bolgen N (2012) Loaded nanofibers for force protection, filtration, decontamination. In: Proceedings of the nanotechnology for defense (NT4D), chem.-bio defense & medical applications, nanotechnology for defense (NT4D/ITAR restricted and military critical), Summerlin, Aug 2012
Erdem A (2008) Electrochemical sensor technology based on nanomaterials for bimolecular recognition. In: Vaseashta A, Mihailscu IN (eds) Functionalized nanoscale materials, devices, and systems. Springer Science and Business Media, Dordrecht
Pokropivny V, Pokropivny P, Vaseashta A et al (2005) Ideal nano-emitters and panel nano-devices based on 2D crystals of superconducting nanotubes. In: Vaseashta A (ed) Nanostructured and advanced materials. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 367–370
Denkbas E et al (2012) Nanoplatforms for detection, remediation, and protection against chem.-bio-warfare. In: Vaseashta A, Braman E, Susmann P (eds) Technological innovations in sensing and detection of chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear threats and ecological terrorism. Springer Science and Business Media, Dordrecht. ISBN 978-94-007-2488-4
Kawai NT, Spencer KM (2004) Raman spectroscopy for homeland defense applications. Raman Technology for Today’s Spectroscopists, pp 54–58
Vaseashta A, Stamatin I (2007) Electrospun polymers for controlled release of drugs, vaccine delivery, and system-on-fibers. JOAM 9(6):1506–1613
Petrov A (2012) Disposable membrane sensors for biohazardous substances. In: Vaseashta A, Braman E, Susmann P (eds) Technological innovations in sensing and detection of chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear threats and ecological terrorism. Springer Science and Business Media, Dordrecht. ISBN 978-94-007-2488-4
Erdem A (2012) Nanomaterials based sensor development towards electrochemical sensing of biointeractions. In: Vaseashta A, Braman E, Susmann P (eds) Technological innovations in sensing and detection of chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear threats and ecological terrorism. Springer Science and Business Media, Dordrecht. ISBN 978-94-007-2488-4
Wang J (2003) Nanoparticle-based electrochemical DNA detection. Anal Chem Acta 500:247–257
Shanzer A, Felder CE, Barda Y (2009) Natural and biomimetic hydroxamic acid based siderophores. In: Rappoport Z, Liebman JF (eds) The chemistry of hydroxylamines, oximes and hydroxamic acids. Patai’s Chemistry of Functional Groups Ltd/Wiley, Chichester
Guidotti M et al (2012) Nano-structured solids and heterogeneous catalysts: powerful tools for the reduction of CBRN threats. In: Vaseashta A, Braman E, Susmann P (eds) Technological innovations in sensing and detection of chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear threats and ecological terrorism. Springer Science and Business Media, Dordrecht. ISBN 978-94-007-2488-4
Guidotti M (2013) Structured inorganic oxide-based materials for the absorption and destruction of CBRN agents. In: Vaseashta A (ed) Advanced sensors for safety and security. NATO 2012. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 43–52
Gould P (2006) Nanomagnetism shows in-vivo potential. Nanotoday 1(4):34–39
Vaseashta A, Riesfeld R, Mihailescu I (2008) Green nanotechnologies for responsible manufacturing. In: MRS proceedings, 1106, 1106-PP03-05. San Francisco, CA, USA. doi:10.1557/PROC-1106-PP03-05
Smith J, Vaseashta A (2013) Advanced sciences convergence to analyze impact of nanomaterials on environment, health and safety. In: Vaseashta A (ed) Advanced sensors for safety and security. NATO 2012. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 81–89
Vaseashta A, Erdem A, Stamatin I (2006) Nanobiomaterials for controlled release of drugs and vaccine delivery. In: MRS proceedings, 920, 0920-S06-06. San Francisco, CA, USA. doi: 10.1557/PROC-0920-S06-06
Pumakaranchana O, Phonekeo V, Vaseashta A (2008) In: Vaseashta A, Mihailescu I (eds) Functionalized nanoscale materials, devices and systems. Springer, Dordrecht
Vaseashta A et al (2007) Nanostructures in environmental pollution detection, monitoring, and remediation. Sci Technol Adv Mater 8:47–59
Tripathi RD et al (2007) Arsenic hazards: strategies for tolerance and remediation by plants. Trends Biotechnol 25:158–165
Vaseashta A, Braman E, Susmann P, Dekhtyar Y, Perovicha K (2012) Sensors for water safety and security. Surf Eng Appl Electrochem 48:478–486
NATO, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (2003) AJP-3.8 – Doctrine for the NBC Defense of NATO Forces
Hagan NA, Smith CA, Antoine MD, Lin JS, Feldman AB, Demirev P (2012) Enhanced in-source fragmentation in MALDI-TOF-MS of oligonucleotides using 1,5-diaminonapthalene. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 23(4):773–777
Krebs MD, Zapata AM, Nazarov EG, Miller RA, Costa IS, Sonenshein AL, Davis CE (2005) Novel technology for rapid species-specific detection of Bacillus spores. IEEE Sens J 5(4):696–703
Khuri-Yakub et al (2007) The capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) as a Chem/Bio sensor. In: IEEE ultrasonics symposium, New York, 2007, pp 472–475
Swim CR (2004) Sources for standoff chem.-bio detection. Unclassified report, U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground
Saito Y, Weibring P, Edner H, Svanberg S (2001) Possibility of hard-target lidar detection of a biogenic volatile organic compound, alpha-pinene gas, over forest areas. Appl Opt 40(21):3572–3574
Killinger D (2003) Optics in chemical and biological weapons detection. Defense section of optics report, on-line Journal: www.opticsreport.com. 19 Aug 2003
Sun L, Yu C, Irudayaraj J (2007) Surface enhanced Raman scattering based nonfluorescent probes for multiplex detection. Anal Chem 79(11):3981–3988
Wild D (2005) The immunoassay handbook. Elsevier, Kidlington/Oxford
Erdem A, Karadeniz H, Caliskan A, Vaseashta A (2008) Electrochemical DNA sensor technology for monitoring of drug–DNA interactions. NANO Br Rep Rev 3(4):229–232
Barbini R et al (2000) In: Proceedings of EARSeL-SIG-LIDAR, Dresden/FRG, 1, 122. Dresden, Germany
Tamer F et al (2008) Lidar backscatter signal recovery from phototransistor systematic effect by deconvolution. Appl Opt 47(29):5281–5295
Eccleston JF et al (2005) Fluorescence-based assays. Prog Med Chem 43:19–48
Vaseashta A, Irudayaraj J (2005) Nanostructured and nanoscale devices and sensors. J Optoelectron Adv Mater 7(1):35–42
Sailor M, Schmedake T, Cunin F, Link J (2002) Standoff detection of chemicals using porous silicon “smart dust” particles. Adv Mater 14:1270
Lee J, Kim J, Hyeon T (2006) Recent progress in the synthesis of porous carbon materials. Adv Mater 18(16):2073–2094
TechFARM™: NUARI Trademark: TechFARM, serial # 85287943, Commissioner for Trademarks
ADAMS™: NUARI Trademark: ADAMS, serial # 85287846, Commissioner for Trademarks
NESTS™: NUARI Trademark: NESTTS, serial # 85287940, Commissioner for Trademarks
Vaseashta A et al (2011) NBIC, GRAIN, BANG, and TechFARM– ASC for surveillance of emerging S&T trends. In: Proceedings of the 4th international seville conference on future oriented technology analysis, May 2011. Seville, Spain
Hyun B et al (2008) Electron injection from colloidal PbS quantum dots into TiO2 nanoparticles. ACS Nano 2(11):2206–2212
Peng X, Draney D (2004) Near IR fluorescent dyes for biological applications. LPI April/May 2004
Andrade GFS, Fan M, Brolo AG (2010) Multilayer silver nanoparticles-modified optical fiber tip for high performance SERS remote sensing. Biosens Bioelectron 25(10):2270–2275
Yao Y, Hoffman AJ, Gmmachi CF (2012) Nature photonics, mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers. Nat Photonics 6:432–439
Report of the High-level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change (2004) A more secure world: our shared responsibility. UN Doc A/59/565 [207]
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this paper
Cite this paper
Vaseashta, A. (2013). Ecosystem of Innovations in Nanomaterials Based CBRNE Sensors and Threat Mitigation. In: Vaseashta, A., Khudaverdyan, S. (eds) Advanced Sensors for Safety and Security. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7003-4_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7003-4_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-7002-7
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-7003-4
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)